A&P 2 Exam 1 Review Questions

Increased levels of this hormone will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

PTH

The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is

PTH

Which of the following hormone pairs are antagonists that regulate blood calcium ion levels?

Parathyroid and calcitonin

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

Parathyroid glands: parathyroid hormone

Somatostatin is also known as

growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

What is an action of growth hormone?

Release of insulin like growth factor

Main effect of insulin

Some glucose will be excreted in urine

Gluccocorticoids

Steriod, increases blood glucose in response to stress

The parathyroid gland produces a hormone that-

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

Which of the following is not a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium?

inhibition of calcitonin synthesis

Which of the following correctly describes the way hormones are secreted from the adenohypophysis?

A tropic hormone from the hypothalamus travels through the portal vein to the adenohypophysis where a second hormone is secreted

Hormone that promotes a decrease in blood pressure and a loss of sodium and water in urine?

ADH

Which hormone released into the blood by the posterior pituitary inhibits or prevents urine formation?

ADH

Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload?

ADH

Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes

Addison's disease

What hormone is released by the anterior pituitary to target the adrenal cortex when we are under stress?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?- -Increased heart rate -Increased body temperate -Increased sensitivity to autonomic stimulation -Increased oxygen consumption -All of the above

All of the above

Which of these result from excessive parathyroid hormone release? -Elevated blood calcium -Increased loss of bone material -Osteopenia -All of the above

All of the above

Which cells of the pancreas islets produce glucagon?

Alpha cells

The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces

Androgens

False regarding secretion of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary glands?

Anterior and posterior pituitary glands are supplied both with blood by portal veins

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except: A) Inhibit osteoblast activity B) Build up bone C) enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys D) Stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys E) Stimulate osteoclast acitvity

Build up bone

Which of the following could occur with a hypersecreting tumor of the adrenal gland?

Elevation of blood pressure and blood glucose concentration

Addison's disease is due to a insuffient output of glucocorticoids only- True or False?

False

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an individual is suffering from severe stress. True or False

False

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones. True of false?

False

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing the urinary excretion of sodium. True or False?

True

Calcitonin can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation. True or false?

True

What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release?

Humoral (hormone release due to response of changes in extracellular fluid levels or ion levels)

Which is NOT a characteristic of Cushing's syndrome?

Hypoglycemia

Structures that produce the correct signaling order of the following hormones: GHRH, GH, somatomedins, target tissue-

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, liver, skeletal tissue

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

Increase of blood glucose

What is a potential side effect of pharmacological administration of glucocorticoids?

Increased incidence of infection

What is the primary action of glucocorticoids on whole body metabolism?

Increased mobilization of fuel sources

How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?

Increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure

What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

Infundibulum

Why is glucose present in the urine of people with diabetes mellitus?

Insulin target cells are unable to take in glucose from the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia and saturation of kidney glucose transporters

Why does antidiuretic hormone help regulate an abnormal increase in solute concentration in the extracellular fluid?

It causes reabsorption of water by the kidney, resulting in increased blood water volume and a decreased solute concentration

Which region of the adrenal gland produces and secretes cortisol?

Zona fasciculata

Which one is mismatched?- -Zona fasciculata and cortisol -Zona glomerulosa and aldosterone -Adrenal medulla and epinephrine -Zona reticularis and norepinephrine

Zona reticularis and norepinephrine

What gland secretes growth hormone?

anterior pituitary

adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

anterior pituitary, stimulates cortisol release

Hormone that lowers blood levels of calcium ion is-

calcitonin

What triggers the release of glucagon?

decrease in blood glucose levels

Hypothyroidism will result in

elevated TSH

To what class of hormones does cortisol belong?

glucocorticoids

What protein is produced by the follicular cells to initiate thyroid hormone production?

Thyroglobulin

What is the hypothalamic tropic hormone that regulates cortisol secretion?

Corticotropin releasing hormone

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver

Cortisol

Hypersecretion of what hormone can produce the effects of gigantism?

GH

Which hypothalamic hormone stimulate the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

GHRH

Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

GHRH

Which organ secretes insulin like growth factors as a result of growth hormone?

Liver

What class of hormones does the zona glomerulosa produce?

Mineralocorticoids

Which is an effect of parathyroid hormones on peripheral tissues?

Mobilizes calcium from bone

What describes gluconeogensis?

Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

The growth promotion functions of growth hormone rely partially on to the activity of

insulin-like growth hormone

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because

it does not produce hormones

Hormone opposite of calcitonin

parathyroid hormone

Hyopthalamic-hypophyseal tract

partly contained within the infundibulum

Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of ______ and the excretion of ______

sodium ions, potassium ions

How is iodine brought into the follicular cells of the thyroid gland?

sodium/iodide symporter

Follicular thyroid cells proudce

thyroglobulin

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the-

thyroid gland, parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland