Textbook Practice Tests & Quizzes
energy needs 2nd trimester
+340 kcal/day
energy needs 3rd trimester
+450 kcal/day
EAR protein for healthy adults
0.66 g/kg body weight
RDA protein for healthy adults
0.8 g/kg body weight
good cholesterol is
HDL
lipoproteins a. are water-insoluble b. transport lipids in the bloodstream c. contain glucose d. are toxic to cells
b. transport lipids in the bloodstream
___ fat deposits are in the omentum, which is under the abdominal muscles. a. subcutaneous b. visceral c. cellulite d. bulimic
b. visceral
which of the following foods is the best source of soluble fiber? a. raw fruit b. whole-grain oat cereal c. sports drinks d. cooked meat
b. whole-grain oat cereal
What is the limit of cholesterol?
as little as possible
What is the limit of trans fat?
as little as possible
polysaccharide examples are
starch glycogen
Table sugar is called
sucrose
baby weight ___ by 1 year
triples
women desirable waist circumference
under 35 inches
men desirable waist circumference
under 40 inches
lactose composed of
galactose + glucose
What are the monosaccharides?
glucose fructose galactose
sucrose composed of
glucose + fructose
maltose composed of
glucose + glucose
Glycemic Load is calculated how
grams of carbohydrates in a serving multiplied by the food's glycemic index (GI) and then divided by 100
in the United States, common sources of food-borne illness include all of the following, except a. norovirus b. Staphylococcus aureus c. fungi d. salmonella
c. fungi
which of the following statements is false? a. lean tissue contains more water than fat tissue b. water is a major solvent c. generally, young women have more body water than young men d. water does not provide energy
c. generally, young women have more body water than young men
___ is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells a. protein b. cholesterol c. glucose d. HFCS
c. glucose
vitamin K can be produced by a. skin exposure to ultraviolet light b. hydrolysis of seawater c. intestinal bacteria d. conversion of lactic acid into lactate
c. intestinal bacteria
worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency disorder is ___ deficiency. a. iodine b. cobalt c. iron d. calcium
c. iron
The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) a. has a margin of safety b. does not account for a person's height, weight, or physical activity level c. is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person d. reflects a person's actual daily energy needs
c. is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person
a protein a. is not a source of energy for the body b. has fatty acids in its chemical structure c. is composed of amino acids d. is a complex inorganic molecule
c. is composed of amino acids
insoluble fiber a. is in beef and pork b. dissolves or swells in water c. is in whole-grain products, including brown rice d. increases the risk of heart disease
c. is in whole-grain products, including brown rice
Ben often experiences abdominal discomfort, bloating, and diarrhea after consuming milk. which intestinal enzyme could Ben be deficient in? a. galactose b. salivary amylase c. lactase d. lactic acid
c. lactase
the highest number of years that a human being can expect to live is the human a. gerontological scale b. life expectancy c. life span d. age achievement
c. life span
chemical digestion begins in the a. liver b. stomach c. mouth d. pancreas
c. mouth
a saturated fatty acid has a. one double bond within the hydrocarbon chain b. two double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain c. no double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain d. three or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain
c. no double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain
type 2 diabetes is a. a disease that primarily affects young children b. characterized by severe hypoglycemia c. often associated with excess body weight d. caused by eating refined sugars
c. often associated with excess body weight
which of the following statements is true? a. a woman's energy needs are higher during the first trimester than at any other time in pregnancy b. using infant formula to bottle-feed a baby is more convenient and less expensive than breastfeeding a baby c. oxytocin is necessary for the "let-down" reflex to occur d. the American Pediatric Association recommends feeding fresh whole milk to infants when they are 6 months of age
c. oxytocin is necessary for the "let-down" reflex to occur
baby length ___ from birth to 1 year
increases by 50%
main phospholipid in food is
lecithin
What is the limit of added sugars?
less than 10% of daily calories
What is the limit of saturated fats?
less than 10% of daily calories
What is the limit of sodium?
less than 2300 mg per day
What are the disaccharides?
maltose sucrose lactose
energy needs 1st trimester
no increase
List 4 nutrients of public health concern
potassium dietary fiber calcium vitamin d
Carbohydrates provide ___ kcal per gram
4 kcal per gram
Protein provides ___ kcal per gram
4 kcal per gram
extremely obese body fat percentage
43% or more
athlete females need ___ kcal/kg/day
45-50
AMDR for carbohydrates
45-65% of total energy
low birth weight is ___ pounds at birth
5.5
athlete males need ___ kcal/kg/day
50
desirable weight percentile (adolescent)
5th-85th percentile
athletes should consume how much (g) carbohydrates/kg body weight/day
6-10 g
moderate intensity target heart rate zone
64-76%
Alcohol provides ___ kcal per gram
7 kcal per gram
recommended vigorous-intensity physical activity
75 minutes a week
vigorous intensity target heart rate zone
77-93%
Men RDA iron
8 mg/day
high birth weight is ___ pounds at birth
8.8
overweight percentile (adolescent)
85th-95th percentile
Fat provides ___ kcal per gram
9 kcal per gram
obese percentile (adolescent)
95th percentile or higher
Good LDL cholesterol level
< 100 mg/dl
Good triglyceride level
< 150 mg/dl
Good total cholesterol level
< 200 mg/dl
hypoglycemia fasting blood glucose
< 70 mg/dl
Good HDL cholesterol level
> 60 mg/dl
athletes need ___ g protein/kg body weight
1.4-2.0 g
AMDR for protein
10-35% of total energy
AI women water
11 cups per day
obese pregnancy needs ___ weight gain
11-20 pounds
healthy male body fat percentage
13-21%
cooking beef steaks and roasts-internal temperature
145 F
cooking fish-internal temperature
145 F
cooking pork-internal temperature
145 F
overweight pregnancy needs ___ weight gain
15-25 pounds
AI males water
15.5 cups per day
recommended moderate-intensity physical activity
150 minutes a week
cooking egg dishes-internal temperature
160 F
cooking group beef or pork-internal temperature
160 F
cooking poultry-internal temperature
165 F
Women RDA iron
18 mg/day
alternative nutritive sweeteners provide __ kcal per gram
2 kcal per gram
AMDR for fat
20-35% of total energy
overweight male body fat percentage
22-25%
healthy female body fat percentage
23-31%
Adequate Intakes for fibers are ___ g per day for women
25 g per day
healthy weight pregnancy needs ___ weight gain
25-35 pounds
obese male body fat percentage
26-31%
Potassium AI for women
2600 mg/day
underweight pregnancy needs ___ weight gain
28-40 pounds
overweight female body fat percentage
32 to 37%
extremely obese male body fat percentage
32% or more
Potassium AI for men
3400 mg/day
Adequate Intakes for fibers are ___ g per day for men
38 g per day
obese female body fat percentage
38-42%
bad cholesterol is
LDL
according to the MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is grouped with diary products? a. cheese b. egg c. butter d. cream
a. cheese
which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system? a. heart b. tongue c. bladder d. spleen
b. tongue
which of the following activities is an alternative health care practice? a. drinking green tea to lose weight b. taking ibuprofen to treat a headache c. consuming more calcium-rich foods to help increase bone mass d. eating fewer salty snacks to reduce sodium intake
a. drinking green tea to lose weight
obese women who are pregnant with one fetus should gain ___ pounds during pregnancy a. 11-20 b. 20-25 c. 25-35 d. 35-50
a. 11-20
which of the following target heart rate ranges would be appropriate for a 26-year-old person who wants to perform moderate-intensity exercise? a. 124 to 147 b. 149 to 180 c. 97 to 136 d. 107 to 165
a. 124 to 147
after her college graduation party, Jade's BAC was 0.16%. this level is ___ times the legal limit. a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 5
a. 2
what is the RDA for protein of a healthy adult woman who weights 62 kg? a. 49.6 g b. 59.6 g c. 69.6 g d. 79.6 g
a. 49.6 g
the ___ is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medications. a. FDA b. FTC c. EPA d. USGS
a. FDA
the government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the a. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) b. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) c. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
a. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
the ___ is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods in the United States a. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) d. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
a. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
which of the following statements is false? a. a megadose is generally less than a physiological dose of a nutrient b. megadoses of nutrients may behave like drugs in the body c. in general, physiological doses of nutrients are safe to consume daily d. people should avoid taking megadose amounts of vitamin and mineral supplements
a. a megadose is generally less than a physiological dose of a nutrient
fats in foods a. add taste and contribute to "mouth feel" b. are digested and absorbed in the stomach c. carry water-soluble nutrients d. need to be eliminated to have a healthful diet
a. add taste and contribute to "mouth feel"
which of the following statements is true? a. arteries carry blood away from the heart b. hemoglobin carries most of the enzymes in the blood c. cells need carbon monoxide to obtain energy d. the liver is the primary organ of the cardiovascular energy
a. arteries carry blood away from the heart
a diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if a. average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values b. intakes of various nutrients are consistently less than EAR amounts c. nutrient intakes are consistently above ULs d. vitamin supplements are included
a. average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values
which of the following foods is not a rich source of provitamin A? a. beef b. carrots c. squash d. sweet potato
a. beef
basal metabolism includes energy needs to a. breathing and circulating blood b. performing physical activity c. digesting food d. absorbing nutrients.
a. breathing and circulating blood
which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium? a. butter b. american cheese c. canned sardines d. kale
a. butter
which of the following tips is a recommended way to reduce food costs? a. buying food in bulk, if it can be used before spoiling b. purchasing preportioned, packaged foods c. shopping at convenience stores, if the stores are within 5 miles of your home d. eating at fast-food outlets at least three times a week
a. buying food in bulk, if it can be used before spoiling
which of the following statements is true? a. certain fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids b. omega-3 fatty acids increase the risk of cardiovascular disease c. trans fats are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids d. the human body converts dietary fiber into omega-3 fatty acids
a. certain fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids
which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer? a. eating fruits and vegetables b. eating grilled meats regularly c. smoking no more than 10 cigarettes daily d. consuming two to three standard alcoholic drinks daily
a. eating fruits and vegetables
an aspect of ___ involves studying causes of health problems in a population. a. epidemiology b. technobiology c. diseasiology d. censusology
a. epidemiology
Amy is studying quietly. under these conditions, her muscles are using primarily ___ for energy. a. fat b. glucose c. amino acids d. ketone bodies
a. fat
a serving of food supplied 25 g carbohydrate, 8 g protein, 15 g fat, and 50 g water. which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? a. fat provides the most food energy b. carbohydrate provides the most food energy c. water provides the most food energy d. protein provides almost 50% of total calories
a. fat provides the most food energy
to reduce the likelihood of giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, women of childbearing age should obtain adequate a. folate b. biotin c. cellulose d. niacin
a. folate
which of the following foods generally provides the least amount of protein per serving? a. fruits b. milk c. nuts d. seeds
a. fruits
which of the following substances has the lowest pH? a. gastric juice b. household ammonia c. tomatoes d. milk
a. gastric juice
which of the following foods is a source of high-quality protein that a vegan would eat? a. guinoa b. yogurt c. brown rice d. sweet potatoes
a. guinoa
which of the following foods is not a source of phytochemicals? a. hamburger b. raspberries c. chocolate d. broccoli
a. hamburger
which of the following factors is associated with increased risk of obesity during childhood? a. having a family history of obesity b. eating 3 to 5 servings of fresh fruit daily c. being a full-term infant d. taking dietary supplements that contain zing and vitamin C
a. having a family history of obesity
preeclampsia is a form of ___ that can develop during pregnancy a. hypertension b. diabetes c. cancer d. anemia
a. hypertension
caffeine a. is the most widely used ergogenic aid in the world b. reduces the level of fatty acids in blood c. is nonaddictive d. decreases mental alertness
a. is the most widely used ergogenic aid in the world
Amy would like to eat more organically grown foods. to be certain that the fruits and vegetables she purchases are at least 95% organic, Amy should a. look for the organic logo b. check the produce's protective packaging for current "picked on" dates c. read the ingredients list on the label d. examine the produce for signs of mild and insect damage
a. look for the organic logo
a lacteal is a a. lymph vessel within each villus b. form of carbohydrate in milk c. muscular structure that regulates digestion in the large intestine d. specialized cell
a. lymph vessel within each villus
which of the following substances is a disaccharide? a. maltose b. starch c. galactose d. glycogen
a. maltose
____ refers to all chemical processes that occur in living cells a. metabolism b. catabolism c. anatomy d. physiology
a. metabolism
in the United States, ___ is responsible for most outbreaks of food-borne illness a. norovirus b. clostridium botulinum c. stomach flu d. E. coli
a. norovirus
___ are disease-causing microbes a. pathogens b. toxins c. teratogens d. oxidants
a. pathogens
which of the following foods is not a source of complete protein? a. peanut butter b. cheese c. fish d. eggs
a. peanut butter
which of the following populations has the highest risk of hypertension? a. people with African-American ancestry b. young, physically active Asian men c. Hispanic women who do not drink alcohol d. young adults who consume high amounts of fruit
a. people with African-American ancestry
which of the following information is not provided by the Nutrition Facts panel? a. percentage of calories from alcohol b. amount of total carbohydrate per serving c. serving size d. amount of trans fat per serving
a. percentage of calories from alcohol
which of the following statements is true? a. safety standards for bottled water are similar to those for tap water b. most brands of water bottled in the United States contain unsafe amounts of arsenic and lead c. the EPA inspects and certifies water bottling facilities at least three times a year d. the majority of Americans should drink bottled water because water from municipal systems is unsafe
a. safety standards for bottled water are similar to those for tap water
___ is associated with longevity a. telomere length b. cognitive dysfunction c. gray hair d. vitamin supplementation
a. telomere length
negative energy balance occurs when a. the body needs more calories than the diet supplies b. fat storage in the body increases c. energy intake is higher than energy output d. the thermic effect of food equals NEAT
a. the body needs more calories than the diet supplies
which of the following conditions is clearly associated with eating certain dietary carbohydrates, especially sticky sugars? a. tooth decay b. type 1 diabetes c. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder d. hypertension
a. tooth decay
which of the following conditions primarily affects the large intestine? a. ulcerative colitis b. GERD c. gallstones d. peptic ulcers
a. ulcerative colitis
a ___ physical activity generally requires a high degree of exertion a. vigorous b. basic c. moderate d. precise
a. vigorous
during pregnancy, excess ___ intake is known to be teratogenic. a. vitamin a b. biotin c. vitamin K d. folate
a. vitamin A
people who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a ___ deficiency. a. vitamin A b. folate c. vitamin B-12 d. riboflavin
a. vitamin A
last August, Damien experienced heavy sweating, painful leg cramps, and fatigue while exercising outdoors. based on this information, he probably had a. heatstroke b. heat cramps c. hypothermia d. hypothyroidism
b. heat cramps
which of the following signs is associated with metabolic syndrome? a. low blood pressure b. high fasting blood glucose c. low hemoglobin d. high fasting HDL cholesterol
b. high fasting blood glucose
the stomach secretes a. salivary amylase b. hydrochloric acid c. bile d. cholecystokinin
b. hydrochloric acid
which of the following statements is false? a. iodine is necessary for normal thyroid function b. in the United States, milk is usually fortified with iodine c. having too much or too little iodine in the diet can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge d. saltwater fish and other seafood are sources of iodine
b. in the United States, milk is fortified with iodine
a healthy body fat percentage for women is a. 3 to 10% b. 23 to 31% c. 32 to 37% d. 40 to 50%
b. 23 to 31%
lack of vitamin ___ causes scurvy. a. A. b. C c. D d. K
b. C
in cells, ___ controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins. a. PEU b. DNA c. IOM d. ATP
b. DNA
the amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of almost all healthy people in a particular group is the a. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) b. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) c. Nutrient Requirement (NR) d. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
b. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
trans fatty acids are a. naturally in many foods b. a by-product of the hydrogenation process c. essential to good health d. found primarily in fatty fish
b. a by-product of the hydrogenation process
the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is a. revised every year b. a set of general nutrition-related recommendations c. published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention d. used to develop DVs
b. a set of general nutrition-related recommendations
which of the following websites is most likely to provide biased and unreliable nutrition information? a. the site of a nutritionally recognized health association (*.org) b. a site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (*.com) c. the site of a U.S. government agency (*.gov) d. an accredited college or university's site
b. a site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (*.com)
during the first trimester, a pregnant woman's daily energy requirement is ___ her daily energy needs before she became pregnant a. 300 kcal lower than b. about the same as c. 300 kcal higher than d. 500 kcal higher than
b. about the same as
a salt forms when an ___ combines with a ___. a. electrolyte; proton b. acid; base c. element; pH d. enzyme; mineral
b. acid; base
when you travel to countries outside the United States, you can reduce your risk of "Traveler's diarrhea" by a. eating whole fresh fruits and vegetables b. avoiding water that has not been bottled and sealed c. purchasing foods from street vendors d. consuming ice with beverages
b. avoiding water that has not been bottled and sealed
body mass index (BMI) is a. a standard used to calculate a person's body fat percentage b. based on body weight adjusted for height c. gradually being replaced by more reliable height/weight tables d. a chart used to predict one's caloric intake
b. based on body weight adjusted for height
sources of heme iron include a. fortified grain products b. beef c. spinach d. cast-iron cookware
b. beef
Badih is a devout follower of Islam. Therefore, he will not consume a. red meat b. beer c. enriched grains d. coffee
b. beet
which of the following foods has a high glycemic index? a. nonfat milk b. cornflakes cereal c. salted peanuts d. raw carrots
b. cornflakes cereal
the embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the a. preconception period b. first trimester c. second trimester d. third trimester
b. first trimester
cholesterol is a. metabolized for energy b. found only in animal foods c. not made by the human body d. harmful to health
b. found only in animal foods
which of the following substances is a polysaccharide? a. glucose b. glycogen c. glucagon d. galactose
b. glycogen
John wants to improve his diet by eating fewer foods that are rich sources of empty calories. to help him achieve his dietary goal, John should reduce his intake of a. whole milk b. grape jelly c. whole-grain bread d. corn oil
b. grape jelly
aflatoxins are a. responsible for 30% of food-borne illnesses in the United States b. harmful compounds produced by certain molds c. a type of parasitic worm d. medications that are effective against viral toxins
b. harmful compounds produced by certain molds
the Food Lists method of menu planning a. classifies foods in the same groups as MyPlate b. has food choices based on macronutrient contents c. is useful only for people who have diabetes d. incorporates high-protein foods with high-carbohydrate foods
b. has food choices based on macronutrient contents
which of the following characteristics is not associated with the normal aging process? a. increased risk of blood clots b. increased brain weight c. reduced saliva production d. reduced immunity to infectious diseases
b. increased brain weight
after he eats a meal, Kyle's pancreas secretes ___, which lowers his blood glucose level a. glucagon b. insulin c. HFCS d. maltase
b. insulin
nutritional genomics is the study of how genes a. vary according to a person's sex b. interact with a person's diet and environment c. determine what a person should eat d. limit which medications and dietary supplements a person can safely take
b. interact with a person's diet and environment
if the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions. a. sodium ions move into cells b. intracellular water moves to the outside of cells c. phosphate and calcium ions are eliminated in feces d. blood levels of arsenic and oxalate increase
b. intracellular water moves to the outside of cells
carbohydrate loading a. provides a competitive edge for award-winning sprinters, bodybuilders, and weight lifters b. involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event c. often results in short-term weight loss and positive energy balance d. is generally recommended for long-term weight control for athletes
b. involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event
dietary fiber a. supplies more energy, gram per gram, than fat b. is not digested by the human intestinal tract c. promotes tooth decay d. is only in animal sources of food
b. is not digested by the human intestinal tract
___ is a hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body a. coumadin b. leptin c. ghrelin d. dexadrin
b. leptin
alcohol metabolism is not influenced by a person's a. sex b. level of caffeine consumption c. prior history of alcohol use d. body size and ocmposition
b. level of caffeine consumption
tiny, fingerlike projections of the small intestine that absorb nutrients are called a. salivary glands b. lymph nodes c. villi d. organelles
b. lymph nodes
which of the following foods is a source of complementary protein? a. trial mix made with cashews, raisins, almonds, honey, and dried banana flakes b. masked chickpeas spread on pita bread c. leafy greens salad topped with peanuts d. whole-wheat bread with an apricot spread
b. mashed chickpeas spread on pita bread
phytochemicals a. are essential nutrients b. may have healthful benefits c. should be avoided d. are in a wide variety of animal sources of food
b. may have healthful benefits
major food sources of vitamin B-12 include a. enriched grain products b. meat and milk products c. fruit and vegetables d. nuts and seeds
b. meat and milk products
which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994? a. tobacco b. melatonin c. chicken liver d.plain yogurt
b. melatonin
two or more atoms that are held together by a chemical bond form a a. pH b. molecule c. proton d. nucleus
b. molecule
to obtain energy under aerobic conditions, cells need a. ribose b. oxygen c. methionine d. alanine
b. oxygen
in 2021, a team of scientists begins an epidemiological study of 1000 people who are between 18 and 30 years of age to determine whether their consumptions of seafood will influence their state of health during the next 25 years. this study is an example of a(n) a. case-control study b. prospective study c. retrospective study d. experimental study
b. prospective study
children who lack vitamin D can develop a. pellagra b. rickets c. beriberi d. scurvy
b. rickets
solid fats generally have a high proportion of ___ fatty acids. a. unsaturated b. saturated c. polyunsaturated d. monounsaturated
b. saturated
which of the following statements is true? a. resistance exercises do not help build bone mass b. sedentary activities do not require much energy to perform c. anaerobic energy systems need large quantities of oxygen to produce ATP d. all of the above are correct
b. sedentary activity do not require much energy to perform
which of the following practices increases the risk of peptic ulcer? a. chewing gum b. smoking cigarettes c. drinking orange juice d. eating a low-fiber diet
b. smoking cigarettes
which of the following food preservaiton processes effectively destroys microbes? a. freezing b. sterilization c. smoking d. chilling
b. sterilization
___ are a primary source of added sugars in American diets. a. cured deli meats b. sugar-sweetened soft drinks c. refined cereals d. canned fruits
b. sugar-sweetened soft drinks
the ___ program enables eligible participants to use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores. a. nutritious food purchase b. supplemental nutrition assistance c. healthy diets for all d. eat better for less
b. supplemental nutrition assistance
Miranda is physically fit. she has a. an increased risk of osteoporosis b. the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living c. a greater need for vitamins and minerals than other women d. no need to exercise regularly
b. the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living
which of the following statements is true? a. women who generally have higher metabolic rates than men b. thyroid hormone levels influence BMR c. a person who has more muscle mass will have a lower BMR than someone with less muscle tissue d. when a person has a fever, his or her BMR drops below normal
b. thyroid hormone levels influence BMR
a ___ is a group of similar cells that perform similar functions. a. ribosome b. tissue c. cytoplasm d. system
b. tissue
In the United States, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is a. physical inactivity b. tobacco use c. high-fat diet d. excessive alcohol intake
b. tobacco use
which of the following actions has been proposed to help solve environmental problems created by conventional agricultural methods? a. having populations shift to diets based primarily on meat, fish, and poultry b. converting tropical jungles into much-needed farmland c. developing ways to use irrigation systems more effectively d. resisting efforts to increase food production through biotechnology
c. developing ways to use irrigation systems more effectively
Daily Values are a. for people who consume 1200 to 1500 kilocalorie diets b. based on the lowest UL for each nutrient c. dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes d. used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of a population's diet
c. dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes
which of the following substances is insoluble in water? a. iron b. sugar c. fat d. sodium
c. fat
the nutrients that provide energy are a. vitamins, minerals, and proteins b. lipids, proteins, and minerals c. fats, proteins, and carbohydrates d. proteins, fats, and water
c. fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
a serving of food contains 10 g carbohydrate, 2 g protein, and 11 g fat. based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ___ kcal. a. 281 b. 225 c. 147 d. 165
c. 147
a healthy infant who weights 6.8 pounds at birth can be expected to weight about ___ pounds by her first birthday a. 12.2 b. 13.6 c. 20.4 d. 24.6
c. 20.4
___ is an immediate and direct source of energy for cells a. LDP b. glycogen c. ATP d. phospholipid
c. ATP
which of the following statements is true? a. AMDRs have been developed for all nutrients b. ULs meet the nutrient needs of nearly all healthy people c. RDAs contain a margin of safety d. AIs are requirements for certain nutrients
c. RDAs contain a margin of safety
which of the following statements is true? a. according to MyPlate, vegetable oils are grouped into the Fats and Oils food groups b. the MyPlate menu planning guide cannot be individualized to meet a person's food preferences c. a person can use MyPlate to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy d. MyPlate was the first food guide developed for Americans
c. a person can use MyPlate to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy
Vitamins a. are metabolized to yield energy b. occur in gram amounts in foods c. are organic molecules d. are macronutrients
c. are organicmolecules
people with celiac disease should a. take amino acid supplements b. limit their protein intake to 20 g per day c. avoid foods that contain gluten d. eliminate protein from plant sources
c. avoid foods that contain gluten
during glycolysis, the body a. converts two fatty acid molecules into one glucose molecule b. synthesizes one amino acid molecule from one carbon dioxide molecule and two oxygen molecules c. breaks down one glucose molecule to form two pyruvate molecules d. metabolizes fatty acids into carbon monoxide and peroxide
c. breaks down one glucose molecule to form two pyruvate molecules
generally, epidemiological studies a. establish causation b. prove correlations c. cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships d. are science-based research efforts that examine two variables
c. cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships
which of the following foods is a good source of protein and contains a lot of saturated fat? a. avocado b. dry peas c. cheese d. peanuts
c. cheese
a ___ transports lipids in the bloodstream a. hormone b. cholecystokinin c. chylomicron d. sphincter
c. chylomicron
irradiation of food is a. an untested technology b. not recommended because the process increases nutrient losses c. considered to be a safe process by the FDA d. a widely accepted method of food preservation in the United States
c. considered to be a safe process by the FDA
which of the following statements is false? a. intrinsic factor is needed for vitamin B-12 absorption b. vitamin B-12 deficiency is common among elderly persons c. patients with pernicious anemia are treated with high doses of folic acid d. if untreated, pernicious anemia can be deadly
c. patients with pernicious anemia are treated with high doses of folic acid
which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense? a. fat-free yogurt b. sugar-sweetened soft drink c. peanut butter d. iceberg lettuce
c. peanut butter
diets that lack niacin can lead to a. rickets b. beriberi c. pellagra d. pernicious anemia
c. pellagra
which of the following substances are not direct food additives? a. sulfites b. enrichment nutrients c. pesticide residues d. emulsifiers
c. pesticide residues
Henry is concerned about his risk of osteoporosis. which of the following characteristics is a modifiable risk factor for this chronic condition? a. family history b. racial/ethnic background c. physical activity level d. age
c. physical activity level
homocysteine is a(n) a. form of folate b. lipid that lowers blood pressure c. possible marker for cardiovascular disease d. essential amino acid
c. possible marker for cardiovascular disease
the placenta cannot a.transfer nutrients from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus b. eliminate waste products from the embryo/fetus c. prevent all toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus d. transfer oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus
c. prevent all toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus
which of the following statements if false? a. certain hormones are proteins b. nearly all enzymes are proteins c. proteins are part of triglycerides d. the body uses amino acids to make antibodies
c. proteins are part of triglycerides
which of the following physical states is characterized by positive nitrogen balance? a. starvation b. illness c. puberty d. marasmus
c. puberty
which of the following foods is most likely to support the growth of pathogens? a. overripe bananas b. pasteurized milk c. raw ground meat d. commercially canned tomato soup
c. raw ground meat
the primary site of triglyceride digestion and absorption is the a. stomach b. liver c. small intestine d. gallbladder
c. small intestine
this morning, Jonas's blood pressure was 128/82 mm HG, which is in the ___ range. a. normal b. elevated c. stage 1 hypertension d. stage 2 hypertension
c. stage 1 hypertension
an antioxidant is a(n) a. essential nutrient found only in animal foods b. dietary supplement that is available without prescription c. substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed d. nonnutrient produced by plants that provides health benefits
c. substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed
modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis include a. family history b. age c. tobacco use d. racial/ethnic background
c. tobacco use
___ relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water a. bioelectrical impedance b. direct calorimetry c. underwater weighing d. air displacement
c. underwater weighing
which of the following journals does not have peer-reviewed articles? a. Journal of the American Medical Association b. The New England Journal of Medicine c. Journal of the American College of Nutrition d. Men's Journal
d. Men's Journal
food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by a. flulike signs and symptoms b. coughing, sneezing, and respiratory inflammaiton c. megaloblastic anemia and nervous system defects d. abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting
d. abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting
___ cells are specialized to store fat a. carcinoma b. megaloblastic c. neural d. adipose
d. adipose
the vitamin content of a vegetable can be affected by a. soil composition b. the vegetable's maturity when harvested c. sunlight exposure d. all of the above are correct
d. all of the above are correct
which of the following practices can help reduce the growth of food-borne pathogens? a. washing hands before preparing food b. keeping cold foods cold and hot foods hot c. cooking foods to proper internal temperatures d. all of the above are correct
d. all of the above are correct
Lena weighs 80 kg. what is her weight in pounds? a. 75 pounds b. 220 pounds c. 132 pounds d. 176 pounds
d. 176 pounds
a friend tells you that her fingernails used to be brittle and weak. however, she states that her nails became strong and beautiful after she began taking a daily supplement of the B vitamin biotin. this kind of nutrition-related information is a. an unbiased report about biotin's usefulness b. a scientifically valid health claim c. a personal endorsement of a product d. an anecdote
d. an anecdote
Sue is a registered dietitian nutritionist working in Texas with a client who has protein deficiency. the client is most likely a. a school-age child who is tall for his age b. a 42-year-old female college math instructor who has a head cold c. an athletic young male who is training for a triathlon d. an older adult woman who has memory loss
d. an older adult woman who has memory loss
phospholipids a. do not have fatty acids in their chemical structure b. lack glycerol in their chemical structures c. do not occur naturally d. are partially water-soluble
d. are partially water-soluble
Joseph's BMI is 23. when he is under a lot of stress, he eats a large amount of cake, cookies, and ice cream. soon after eating these foods, he goes to a bathroom and makes himself vomit. based on this information, Joseph probably has a. diarexia psychosis b. anorexia nervosa c. cystic fibrosis d. bulimia nervosa
d. bulimia nervosa
comparing the diets of individuals with liver cancer to diets of individuals who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of a a. prospective study b. placebo study c. retrospective study d. case-control study
d. case-control study
which of the following practices has been scientifically shown to extend the life spans of certain flies and rodents? a. taking antioxidant supplements b. eating a high-protein diet c. performing vigorous physical exercise d. consuming a calorie-restricted diet
d. consuming a calorie-restricted diet
___ is the process of removing nitrogen from an amino acid a. transamination d. denaturation c. hydrogenation d. deamination
d. deamination
which of the following conditions is not one of the top five leading causes of death in the United States? a. cancer b. stroke c. heart disease d. diabetes
d. diabetes
Members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to a. skip breakfast regularly b. follow low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets c. exercise two to three times per week d. eat meats regularly, including breakfast
d. eat meals regularly, including breakfast
which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense? a. potato chips b. celery c. butter d. fat-free milk
d. fat-free milk
which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin c? a. whole milk b. egg white c. hamburger patty d. green pepper
d. green pepper
human cells release much of the energy stored in carbohydrates, fat, and amino acids as a. electricity b. phosphocreatine c. ATP d. heat
d. heat
peristalsis a. is a common intestinal infection b. interferes with lipid absorption in the small intestine c. stimulates red blood cell formation in bone marrow d. helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract
d. helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract
Tanya has ____, which makes her at high risk for cardiovascular disease. a. low saturated fat intake b. low LDL cholesterol c. a family history of headaches d. high oxidized LDL cholesterol
d. high oxidized LDL cholesterol
chemical messengers in the body are a. enzymes b. cells c. capillaries d. hormones
d. hormones
which of the following conditions is a common sign or symptom of untreated type 1 diabetes? a. migraine headaches b. obesity c. diverticula d. hyperglycemia
d. hyperglycemia
aerobic activities a. enable muscles to use less oxygen than normal b. do not require voluntary muscular contractions c. force muscle cells to use more vitamins and minerals for energy d. involve sustained, rhythmic contractions of certain large skeletal muscles
d. involve sustained, rhythmic contractions of certain large skeletal muscles
in the United States, table salt is often fortified with a. iron b. selenium c. potassium d. iodine
d. iodine
breastfed infants are ___ than babies who are fed infant formula a. more likely to have diarrhea b. less likely to have cystic fibrosis c. more likely to have respiratory infections d. less likely to have ear infections
d. less likely to have ear infections
Robert is evaluating dietary supplement label claims. which of the following claims is not a structure/function claim the FDA allows on food packages? a. maintains a healthy heart b. builds strong bones c. supports the immune system d. lowers blood pressure
d. lowers blood pressure
the first step of the scientific method usually involves a. gathering data b. developing a hypothesis c. identifying relationships between variables d. making observations
d. making observations
Megadoses of vitamins a. are safe to take if the vitamins are water soluble b. prevent certain chronic diseases c. are available naturally from a wide variety of foods d. may be toxic
d. may be toxic
___ is the commercial heating process that destroys harmful bacteria in milk and fruit juices a. sporulation b. sedimentation c. detoification d. pasteurization
d. pateurization
a fake treatment is a(n) a. anecdote b. double-blind study c. pseudoscience experiment d. placebo
d. placebo
fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except a. fiber b. vitamin C c. phytochemicals d. protein
d. protein
the primary source of sodium in the typical American diet is a. bottled water b. unprocessed food c. fruit d. salt
d. salt
People who follow Jewish dietary rules will not consume a. tea b. rice c. beef d. shellfish
d. shellfish
Joe would like to reduce his saturated fat intake and increase his polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat intake. which habit should Jose adopt? a. choose chicken with the skin on instead of rib bone steaks b. cook with coconut oil instead of canola oil c. switch from 2% milk to whole milk d. spread mashed avocado on toast instead of butter
d. spread mashed avocado on toast instead of butter
nutritional standards, such as the RDAs, are not a. used to develop formula food products b. the basis for establishing DVs c. used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets d. the basis for developing AIs
d. the basis for developing AIs
enriched grain products have specific amounts of ___ added during processing. a. vitamin C b. vitamin A c. vitamin B-12 d. thiamin
d. thiamin
Brita was a binge drinker during the first 3 months of her pregnancy. her baby was born with FAS. which of the following conditions is a sign of FAS? a. chronic vomiting b. iron deficiency anemia c. bleeding gums d. thin upper lip
d. thin upper lip
___ raises a person's metabolic rate a. high-fructose corn syrup b. orlistat c. gastrin d. thyroid hormone
d. thyroid hormone
which of the following foods is high carbohydrate and low fat? a. roast chicken b. swiss cheese c. peanut butter d. toast spread with strawberry jam
d. toast spread with strawberry jam
Diet is a a. practice of restricting calorie intake b. technique for limiting empty calorie intake c. method of reducing portion sizes d. usual pattern of food choices
d. usual pattern of food choices
which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water? a. tomatoes b. oranges c. whole-grain bread d. vegetable oil
d. vegetable oil
Barbara has problems seeing when driving at night. a review of her diet reveals low fruit and vegetable consumptions. based on this information, a ___ deficiency could be contributing to Barbara's condition. a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. vitamin D d. vitamin A
d. vitamin A
a sign of marasmus is a. increased muscle growth b. rapid weight gain c. diabetes d. wasting
d. wasting
older adults often do not consume adequate amounts of a. simple carbohydrates b. sodium c. vitamin K d. zinc
d. zinc
baby weight ___ by 6 months
doubles
