central canal

Anterior Median fissure

deep wide groove

Motor tracts are also called what

descending tracts

Central Canal

small canal which is continuous with the 4th ventricle in the medulla oblongata

Spinal Nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves, mixed nerves since they have sensory and motor axons

4 types of reflexes

Cranial Somatic Autonomic Spinal

Reflexes can be defined as

Fast Predictable Automatic responses to changes in the environment

Somatic

Involve contraction of skeletal muscles, if the effector is skeletal muscle

Spinothalamic Tract

It's in the anterior white column Begins in the spinal cord Ends in the thalamus

Descending Tracts that are found in the brain and spinal cord

Lateral corticospinal Rubrospinal Medial reticulospinal Lateral reticulospinal Vestibulospinal Tectospinal

Rami communicantes

Part of the autonomic nervous system

3 areas of the white matter

Posterior white column Lateral white column Anterior white column

Types of Reflexes

Stretch tendon pupillary light reflex flexor or withdrawl cross extensor Plantar flexion

Autonomic

They are not consciously perceived, digestion and heart rate, if the effector is smooth, cardiac muscle or gland.

Spinothalamic tract

carries nerve impulses from spinal cord to the brain therefore we call it an ascending or sensory tract

Sensory (ascending tracts)

conduct impulses towards the brain and the motor carry impulses down the cord from the brain

Anterior Corticospinal

conveys nerve impulses from the brain towards the spinal cord

what is the function of 4 types of reflexes

enable the body to make exceedingly rapid adjustment to homeostatic imbalances

what are the coverings of spinal nerves

endoneurium perineurium epineurium

Cross extensor reflex

example step on a tact and the reflex helps you maintain your balance

Spinal

integration occurs in the spinal cord gray matter

Cranial

involve cranial nerves which occur through the brain stem

Posterior spinocerebellar

is in the posterior white column, begins in the spinal cord and ends in cerebellum of the brain so its a sensory tract

Lateral spinothalamic

it's in lateral white column, begins in the spinal cord, ends in the thalamus of the brain

Anterior Corticospinal Tract

located in the anterior white column , it begins in the cerebral cortex and it ends in the spinal cord. It is a motor or descending tract.

Sensory Tract are also called what

motor tracts

Plantar flexion reflex

negative babinski reflex- stroke the soles and toes would curl

White matter

organized into regions and is divided into 3 broad areas or columns

Ascending tract

posterior spinocerebellar anterior spinocerebellar lateral spinothalamic posterior column

lateral gray horns

present only in the thoracic and upper lumbar segment of the spinal cord

Gray matter

receives and integrates incoming, outgoing information.

white matter tract

sensory impulses flow from the peripheral of the body to the brain and motor impulses flow from the brain to the periphery in the white matter tract

Posterior median sulcus

shallow narrow groove

Flexor or withdrawal reflex

step on a tact and immediately lift your foot

epineurium

superficial covering of entire nerve

Intercostals Nerves

supply the muscle and skin of the anterior lateral thorax and most of the abdominal wall.

Sciatica

the pain may extend from the buttock down the posterior and lateral aspect of the leg and the sciatic nerve is the largest and longest nerve in the body

Pupillary light reflex

the pupils of the eye decreases in diameter when either eye is exposed to light

Meningeal branch of a spinal nerve

these nerves supply the vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of spinal cord and meninges.

Endoneurium

wraps the axons

perineurium

wraps the fascicles (bundles of axons)