central canal
Anterior Median fissure
deep wide groove
Motor tracts are also called what
descending tracts
Central Canal
small canal which is continuous with the 4th ventricle in the medulla oblongata
Spinal Nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves, mixed nerves since they have sensory and motor axons
4 types of reflexes
Cranial Somatic Autonomic Spinal
Reflexes can be defined as
Fast Predictable Automatic responses to changes in the environment
Somatic
Involve contraction of skeletal muscles, if the effector is skeletal muscle
Spinothalamic Tract
It's in the anterior white column Begins in the spinal cord Ends in the thalamus
Descending Tracts that are found in the brain and spinal cord
Lateral corticospinal Rubrospinal Medial reticulospinal Lateral reticulospinal Vestibulospinal Tectospinal
Rami communicantes
Part of the autonomic nervous system
3 areas of the white matter
Posterior white column Lateral white column Anterior white column
Types of Reflexes
Stretch tendon pupillary light reflex flexor or withdrawl cross extensor Plantar flexion
Autonomic
They are not consciously perceived, digestion and heart rate, if the effector is smooth, cardiac muscle or gland.
Spinothalamic tract
carries nerve impulses from spinal cord to the brain therefore we call it an ascending or sensory tract
Sensory (ascending tracts)
conduct impulses towards the brain and the motor carry impulses down the cord from the brain
Anterior Corticospinal
conveys nerve impulses from the brain towards the spinal cord
what is the function of 4 types of reflexes
enable the body to make exceedingly rapid adjustment to homeostatic imbalances
what are the coverings of spinal nerves
endoneurium perineurium epineurium
Cross extensor reflex
example step on a tact and the reflex helps you maintain your balance
Spinal
integration occurs in the spinal cord gray matter
Cranial
involve cranial nerves which occur through the brain stem
Posterior spinocerebellar
is in the posterior white column, begins in the spinal cord and ends in cerebellum of the brain so its a sensory tract
Lateral spinothalamic
it's in lateral white column, begins in the spinal cord, ends in the thalamus of the brain
Anterior Corticospinal Tract
located in the anterior white column , it begins in the cerebral cortex and it ends in the spinal cord. It is a motor or descending tract.
Sensory Tract are also called what
motor tracts
Plantar flexion reflex
negative babinski reflex- stroke the soles and toes would curl
White matter
organized into regions and is divided into 3 broad areas or columns
Ascending tract
posterior spinocerebellar anterior spinocerebellar lateral spinothalamic posterior column
lateral gray horns
present only in the thoracic and upper lumbar segment of the spinal cord
Gray matter
receives and integrates incoming, outgoing information.
white matter tract
sensory impulses flow from the peripheral of the body to the brain and motor impulses flow from the brain to the periphery in the white matter tract
Posterior median sulcus
shallow narrow groove
Flexor or withdrawal reflex
step on a tact and immediately lift your foot
epineurium
superficial covering of entire nerve
Intercostals Nerves
supply the muscle and skin of the anterior lateral thorax and most of the abdominal wall.
Sciatica
the pain may extend from the buttock down the posterior and lateral aspect of the leg and the sciatic nerve is the largest and longest nerve in the body
Pupillary light reflex
the pupils of the eye decreases in diameter when either eye is exposed to light
Meningeal branch of a spinal nerve
these nerves supply the vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of spinal cord and meninges.
Endoneurium
wraps the axons
perineurium
wraps the fascicles (bundles of axons)
