A&P 2 test 6

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basic tastes

Sweet Sour Salty Bitter Umami= savory Possible sixth = fatty acids = fast food

What are the special senses of the body?

Vison Taste Smell Hearing Equilibrium

parasympathetic does what to the pupil

constricts the pupil

ciliary body

controls shape of kens and attaches lens to help contract or dilate lens

third change for closes up vision

convergence of eyeballs

what is sensorineural deafness

damage to the neural structures at any point from cochlear hair cells to auditory cortical cells Typically from gradual hair cell loss

function of the superior oblique

depresses eye ,. helps swivel eye

the sysmpathic does what to the pupil

dilates the pupil

what state must substance. be in order for us to previce smell and taste

dissloved by liquids and turned in to gasses state

function of the inferior oblique

elevates eye

Extrinsic eye muscles

enable the eye to follow objects maintain shape of the eyeball and hold it in orbit

hyperopia

farsighted, eyeball to short

neural layer

inner layer of the retina

pigmented layer

outer layer of the retina

sclera

outer layer, helps protect and shape and anchor muscle on to eye

Visual Pathway to the Brain

photoreceptor cells then send signal to optic nerve then on left goes straight back to the back of the brain , right cross over goes to the optic chasium then the primary visual cortex located in occituapl lobe

rods

photoreceptors cells , very senstive to light , best for night vision , only in gray

second change for close up vision

pupils constrict due to a reflex

structures in fibrous layer

sclera and cornea

which fluid is in the posterior chamber

vitreous humor

How is myopia corrected?

with a concave lens

how is hyperopia corrected?

with a convex lens

How is astigmatism corrected?

with a cylindrical lens or laser procedures

two oblique muscles

superior oblique inferior oblique

four rectus muscles

superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus muscles

choroid

connective tissue and blood vessels which provide nourishment

three layers of the intrinsic eye wall

Fibrous layer = outermost Vascular layer = middle inner layer = inner most as well as lens of the eye

what is the function of the medial muscle

adduction the eye towards middle

two divisions of the inner eye

anterior and posterior chambers

which fluid is the anterior chamber

aqueous humor

second time light gets bent

as it enters the lens

third time light gets bent

as it exits the lens

what is refraction

bending of light rays

first time light gets bent

bends at the cornea

pupil

black spot in the eye that controls how much light enters the eye

what is conduction deafness

blocked sound conduction to fluids of internal ear Causes = impacted ear wax , perforated ear drum , otitis media (middle ear infection) , otosclerosis of the ossicles

What is depth perception?

both eyes view the same image but slightly different angles , it requires both eyes , forms a 3 d image

first change for close up vision

change lens shape to increase refraction making lens bulge and ciliary body contracts

How do our eyes accommodate for distant vision?

changes in lens to either be concave or convex

structures on the vascular layer

choroid, ciliary body, iris

iris

circular structure and gives your eye color

muscles used to look right eye towards left

lateral rectus

cones

like bright light , in high res , in color

muscles used to look left eye towards right

medial rectus

what is the function of the lateral muscle

moves out to the side ,, abduction

myopia

nearsighted, eyeball is too long

what is the blind spot of the retina

optic disc found in the neural layer

function of the inferior muscle

to look down

what is the function of the superior muscle

to look up

cornea

transparent , light enters here and gets bent

what is the eardrum called

tympanic membrane

what is a astigmatism

unequal curves in either cornea or lens


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