A&P 2 test 6
basic tastes
Sweet Sour Salty Bitter Umami= savory Possible sixth = fatty acids = fast food
What are the special senses of the body?
Vison Taste Smell Hearing Equilibrium
parasympathetic does what to the pupil
constricts the pupil
ciliary body
controls shape of kens and attaches lens to help contract or dilate lens
third change for closes up vision
convergence of eyeballs
what is sensorineural deafness
damage to the neural structures at any point from cochlear hair cells to auditory cortical cells Typically from gradual hair cell loss
function of the superior oblique
depresses eye ,. helps swivel eye
the sysmpathic does what to the pupil
dilates the pupil
what state must substance. be in order for us to previce smell and taste
dissloved by liquids and turned in to gasses state
function of the inferior oblique
elevates eye
Extrinsic eye muscles
enable the eye to follow objects maintain shape of the eyeball and hold it in orbit
hyperopia
farsighted, eyeball to short
neural layer
inner layer of the retina
pigmented layer
outer layer of the retina
sclera
outer layer, helps protect and shape and anchor muscle on to eye
Visual Pathway to the Brain
photoreceptor cells then send signal to optic nerve then on left goes straight back to the back of the brain , right cross over goes to the optic chasium then the primary visual cortex located in occituapl lobe
rods
photoreceptors cells , very senstive to light , best for night vision , only in gray
second change for close up vision
pupils constrict due to a reflex
structures in fibrous layer
sclera and cornea
which fluid is in the posterior chamber
vitreous humor
How is myopia corrected?
with a concave lens
how is hyperopia corrected?
with a convex lens
How is astigmatism corrected?
with a cylindrical lens or laser procedures
two oblique muscles
superior oblique inferior oblique
four rectus muscles
superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus muscles
choroid
connective tissue and blood vessels which provide nourishment
three layers of the intrinsic eye wall
Fibrous layer = outermost Vascular layer = middle inner layer = inner most as well as lens of the eye
what is the function of the medial muscle
adduction the eye towards middle
two divisions of the inner eye
anterior and posterior chambers
which fluid is the anterior chamber
aqueous humor
second time light gets bent
as it enters the lens
third time light gets bent
as it exits the lens
what is refraction
bending of light rays
first time light gets bent
bends at the cornea
pupil
black spot in the eye that controls how much light enters the eye
what is conduction deafness
blocked sound conduction to fluids of internal ear Causes = impacted ear wax , perforated ear drum , otitis media (middle ear infection) , otosclerosis of the ossicles
What is depth perception?
both eyes view the same image but slightly different angles , it requires both eyes , forms a 3 d image
first change for close up vision
change lens shape to increase refraction making lens bulge and ciliary body contracts
How do our eyes accommodate for distant vision?
changes in lens to either be concave or convex
structures on the vascular layer
choroid, ciliary body, iris
iris
circular structure and gives your eye color
muscles used to look right eye towards left
lateral rectus
cones
like bright light , in high res , in color
muscles used to look left eye towards right
medial rectus
what is the function of the lateral muscle
moves out to the side ,, abduction
myopia
nearsighted, eyeball is too long
what is the blind spot of the retina
optic disc found in the neural layer
function of the inferior muscle
to look down
what is the function of the superior muscle
to look up
cornea
transparent , light enters here and gets bent
what is the eardrum called
tympanic membrane
what is a astigmatism
unequal curves in either cornea or lens