A&P 205 FINAL

Which structure is attached to the valvular cusps and prevents valves from swinging back into the atria?

chordae tendineae

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as ________.

choroid plexuses

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, insulate, and cushion together body tissues are classified as ________.

connective tissues

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye in the ___.

cornea

The innermost layer of the heart, the _______, consists of a smooth endothelial lining resting upon connective tissue.

endocardium

inner lining of the heart

endocardium

The tarsal region is proximal to the patellar region.

False

The tunica media is also called the tunica adventitia

False

Veins always carry deoxygenated blood.

False

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Right atrium

Connected to the pulmonary artery by the pulmonary valve

Right ventricle

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?

Rods

What cells form from myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann cells

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

Sebum

Tia is 31 years old and has been diagnosed with acromegaly. Which hormone is she hypersecreting?

Growth hormone (GH)

When James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed?

Hair shaft

Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII or IX:

Hemophilia

Which body cavity can be further subdivided into quadrants and regions?

Abdominopelvic

placenta, mother's milk provide

Acquired Natural Passive immunity

----------- found mainly in secretions, such as mucus or tears

l g A

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

left ventricle

The cavity of the heart that normally has the thickest wall is the:

left ventricle

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina in the ____.

lens

What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?

Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways

What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?

External acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

located between the lower right chamber and the vessel carrying blood to the lungs

pulmonary valve

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the___.

semicircular canals

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Which endocrine gland is situated at the base of the throat, just inferior to the Adam's apple?

Thyroid gland

small artery

ateriole

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________.

epinephrine

How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain?

12

Normal blood contains ---------- grams of hemoglobin per 100 ml

12-18

there are ---- Coagulation factors they have roman numeral

13

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ________.

14

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?

31

WBCs count is :

4,800 to 10,800 per mm3

When blood is separated: Plasma is :-----------of blood

55%

Select the environment that is most likely to produce an action potential in a neuron.

A depolarizing neuron

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle:

Coronary arteries

Which pair of cranial nerves is mismatched with its name?

Cranial nerve II: oculomotor

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues?

Integumentary system

Although you get wet while swimming, which protein makes the epidermis a tough protective layer?

Keratin

Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?

Lacrimal

A diseased mitral valve is replaced to prevent blood from regurgitating here

Left atrium

Connects to the aorta by the aortic valve

Left ventricle

What separates the aqueous humor in the anterior segment from the vitreous humour in the posterior segment of the eye?

Lens

----------: attach bone to bone at joints and are more elastic than tendons

Ligaments

Which of the following is a true statement?

Lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains eventually into the thoracic duct.

Which types of white blood cells play a major role in immunity to infectious diseases?

Lymphocytes

Which of the following cell types are classified as agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Which of the following is an example of a leukocyte?

Monocyte

Which of the following Rh factor combinations could cause agglutination of an infant's red blood cells?

Mother-, father+, infant+

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ____.

Myopia

Immunity that is a result of an actual infection is called

Naturally acquired active immunity

Where are photoreceptors cells located within the eye?

Neural layer of the retina

What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?

Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell.

Which cranial nerve pairs purely motor and control eye movement?

Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?

Olfactory receptor

Which hormones are made by the hypothalamus yet stored and released by the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division?

Parasympathetic

Lymph Nodes are Found in the wall of the small intestine are called

Peyer's patches

All of the following are components of the immune system EXCEPT:

Platelets

A blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs:

Pulmonary artery

Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?

Retina

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

Retina

Sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that begins the heartbeat:

Sinoatrial node

thromboplastinogen ( V ) converts into thromboplastin

Stage 1

prothrombin ( II ) converts into thrombin

Stage 2

fibrinogen (I) converts into fibrin

Stage 3

What is the primary effect of prolactin?

Stimulate and maintain milk production after childbirth.

Which of these layers directly connects to the dermis?

Stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?

Stratum corneum

Which meningeal layer is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Subarachnoid space

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear?

Sympathetic division

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism?

T cell and B cell responses

Helper or suppressor cells are types of

T cells

cardiac arrhythmia:

fibillation

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein

Cerebrospinal fluid ________.

is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

Autografts

issue transplanted from one site to another on the same person

abnormal heart sound

murmur

muscular, middle layer of the heart

myocadium

The muscular layer of the heart wall is the:

myocardium

Where are the olfactory receptors located?

nasal cavity

contact with disease

natural active

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the ___.

parasympathetic nervous system

Pregnant women confer _______ immunity upon their developing babies by producing antibodies for them.

passive

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

pericardium

brings blood to heart from upper parts of the body

superior vena cava

The five taste sensations are___.

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ___.

synaptic cleft

Blood flow from the heart to the body (not the lungs) and back to the heart

systemic circulation

The tissue layers of blood vessels from exterior to interior are:

tunica adventitia, tunica media, and tunica intima.

small vein

venule

Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body?

Atoms

Which of these internal body cavities is the most inferior?

Pelvic cavity

Replaced with a prosthetic valve through a right atriotomy

Tricuspid valve

Located on the right side of the heart between the ventricle and the atrium

Triscuspid valve

Acromegaly is a condition that results from the hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended.

True

Arteries always carry blood away from the heart

True

Complex networks of spinal nerves are termed nerve plexuses.

True

Normal blood contains 12-18 grams of hemoglobin per 100 ml

True

Once stimulated, the hair cells of the spiral organ of Corti transmits impulses along the cochlear nerve, a branch of cranial nerve VIII.

True

Peyer's patches are lymh nodes Found in the wall of the small intestine

True

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are cutaneous glands associated with the skin.

True

The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached.

True

The lumens of veins are larger than the lumens of arteries.

True

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system.

True

The pharyngotympanic (auditory tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat.

True

The pigments that contribute to skin color are melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.

True

The primary method of maintaining blood levels of nearly all hormones is through negative feedback mechanisms.

True

The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.

True

The saphenous vein used for coronary artery grafting must be reversed before anastomosis due to the presence of valves in the vein.

True

The vagus nerves are the only pair of cranial nerves to extend to the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

True

appendix has lymphatic tissue

True

oxytocin is released in significant amounts only during childbirth and nursing.

True

Outer connective tissue layer of a blood vessel

Tunica adventitia

Innermost layer of a blood vessel, consisting of endothelium

Tunica intima

Middle layer of blood vessel, containing smooth muscle

Tunica media

What divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

The naval is located in the ___ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Umbilical

Which of these lipids is more "heart healthy" due to the presence of double and triple bonds that cause the fat to stay liquid at room temperature?

Unsaturated fats

Which body cavity includes all others?

Ventral cavity

What sign or symptom distinguishes Meniere's syndrome from sensorineural and conduction deafness?

Vertigo

Which cranial nerve pairs transmit both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?

What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

The diaphragm separates the _______________ and _________________ cavities.

abdominal; thoracic

Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted?

action potential

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex called ___.

androgens

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________.

anterior pituitary gland

A/An ____________________ is a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

antibody

A/An ____________________ is any substance that the body regards as being foreign.

antigen

Foreign material that invades the body:

antigens

The coronary arteries arise from the ___.

aorta

largest artery in the body

aorta

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into venous blood in the dural sinuses via the ________.

arachnoid granulations

Neutrophils _______.

are the main phagocytes in the blood

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

arteries

The order of blood flow through the vessels is:

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.

vaccine

artificial active

immune serum

artificial passive

specialized muscle fibers connecting the upper and lower heart chambers; bundles of his

atrioventricular bundle

upper chamber of the heart

atrium

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.

axon

When whole blood is spun in down in a centrifuge, the buddy coat can be found:

between the plasma and red blood cells

RBC Shaped like----------- discs

biconcave

Under the microscope, erythrocytes appear as:

biconcave disks without nuclei

Fibrinogen :plays a primary role in

blood coagulation.

cyanosis

bluish coloration of the skin

The term cental nervous system refers to the ____.

brain and spinal cord

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.

brain stem

In fetal circulation, the ductus venosus

bypasses the liver

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________.

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Both the tunica media and the tunica adventitia are absent in:

capillaries

Which of the following vessels do not have the ability to constrict and dialate?

capillaries

smallest blood vessel

capillary

Disease of heart muscle:

cardiomyopathy

Ganglia are collections of ____.

cell bodies

angina is:

chest pain relieved with nitroglycerin

The aorta bifurcates at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra into the right and left ____ arteries.

common iliac

A person with total color blindness may lack ____.

cones

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelid is the ____.

conjunctiva

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________.

corneum

Two _______ arteries branch off the aorta as it leaves the heart.

coronary

Which structure supplies the myocardium with oxygenated blood?

coronary arteries

blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

coronary arteries

The coronary veins empty into the ___.

coronary sinus

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not flow through the ________.

corpus callosum

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.

corpus callosum

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) promotes the release of ________,

cortisone and cortisol

Tendons and ligaments are classified as ________.

dense connective (regular fibrous) tissue

blood lacking in oxygen

deoxygenated blood

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ___.

diencephalon (interbrain)

Which of the following parts of a spinal nerve contains sensory nerves only?

dorsal root ganglion

record of the electricity flowing through the heart

electrocardiogram

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

endocrine system

innermost lining of blood

endothelium

The outer layer of the heart is the _______.

epicardium

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions on to the skin's surface via ducts.

exocrine

As the external iliac artery enters the thigh, its name changes to the _____ artery.

femoral

The popliteal artery is the continuation of the ------- artery that is located -------- the knee

femoral, behind

In the formation of a clot, the insoluble network of fine threads in which the cellular elements of blood are trapped is called

fibrin

the last stage of the clotting Cascade is:

fibrinogen ( I ) converts into fibrin

There are ___ pulmonary veins.

four

What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity ?

fovea centrails

The HIV infects _______ and seriously impairs immune function, placing the patient at risk for other infections.

helper T cells

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, 45% known as the (--------------)

hematocrit

Red blood cells are adapted for producing and packaging _______, the red pigment that transports oxygen.

hemoglobin

Blood from the stomach intestines goes to the liver through the:

hepatic portal vein

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

hypothalamus

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.

insulin

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?

insulin

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

insulin; glucagon

The skin and its appendages (nails, glands, and hairs) are collectively called the ________.

integumentary system

Peyer patches are isolated nodules of lymph tissue in the

intestinal wall

Peyer's patches are Lymph nodes : Found in the wall of the small ----------

intestine

The first heart sound _______.

is caused by the closure of the AV valves

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the ________.

lunule

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ____.

optic chiasma

gas that enters the blood through the lungs

oxygen

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node

pacemaker

Which of the following is not a lymph organ?

pancreas

sac-like membrane surrounding the heart

pericardium

The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.

pia

The hypothalamus regulates the ________.

pituitary gland

Which endocrine gland is known as the "master endocrine gland" for its removal or destruction would have a dramatic effect on the body?

pituitary gland

When blood is separated:---------- is :55 % of blood

plasma

___ have an important role in blood clotting.

platelets

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Plasma cells _______.

produce antibodies

carries blood to the lungs from the heart

pulmonary artery

vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

pulmonary artery

Blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

pulmonary circulation

carries blood from the lungs to the heart

pulmonary vein

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

pulmonary vein

beat of the heart as felt through the wall of the arteries

pulse

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________.

renin

The sequence of blood flow through the heart is _______.

right atrium ® right ventricle ® through pulmonary circulation ® left atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium

right ventricle

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

sclera; cornea

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

sensory and motor

partition or wall dividing the chambers of the heart

septum

The heart lies___.

slightly to the left within the mediastinum

Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the

small intestine

instrument to measure blood pressure

sphygmomanometer

The dorsal body cavity houses the ________.

spinal cord and brain

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ____.

spiral organ of Corti

Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the:

subclavian veins

Contraction phase of the heartbeat

systole

The hormone produced by male testes, which is necessary for sperm production is ________.

testosterone

The vast majority of the body's lymph is drained by the___ duct

thoracic

In stage II of clot formation, prothrombin is converted to:

thrombin

--------: Found overlying the heart The primary function is to train T-cells

thymus

What gland is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), also known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

thyroid gland

isografts

tissue grafts from a genetically identical person (identical twin)

xenografts

tissue taken from a different animal species (never successful)

Allografts

tissue taken from a person other than an identical twin (most common type of graft)

Allografts:

tissue taken from a person other than an identical twin (most common type of graft)

located between the upper and lower right heart chambers

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and ventricle

tricuspid valve

The right atrioventricular valve is also called the:

triscuspid

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.

tympanic membrane

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

using the "rule of nines"

Vessels that carry blood toward the heart

veins

largest vein in the body

vena cava

lower chamber of the heart

ventricle

The ___ pump blood into the great arteries leaving the heart.

ventricles

Which cranial nerve transmits impulses for the senses of hearing and balance?

vestibulocochlear

Interferon inhibits the spread of:

viruses

The gel-like substance that reinforces that eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ____.

vitreous humor (body)

Plasma consists of about 92% ___ and about 7% protein.

water

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form___ matter while unmyelinated fibers form___maters.

white; gray

Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms.

True

Survival needs include nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure.

True

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________.

polysaccharides

Milk production increases during breastfeeding when a newborn suckles from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism in which the stimulus pushes milk production farther from its original value best describes ________.

positive feedback

The two major internal body cavities are the ________ cavity and the ________ cavity.

ventral; dorsal

Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ________ electron(s).

2

Select all of the regions of the abdominopelvic cavity. 1. right iliac (inguinal) region 2. epigastric region 3. hypogastric region 4. left lumbar region 5. left hypochondriac region

2 & 3

An atom with 13 electrons will have ________ electrons in the valence shell.

3

Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary?

Adenine and thymine

________ connective tissue is commonly called fat.

Adipose

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ___ in humans.

Anterior

Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose?

Anterior

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)?

Anterior and ventral

Which of the following is common to all elements?

Atoms

Which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things?

Cell

--------------: Act as biological catalysts , Increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Hydrolysis

Endocytosis include : Phagocytosis and -------------

Pinocytosis

Which of these nucleic acids carries out the orders for protein synthesis?

RNA

Which body cavity subdivision is part of the dorsal cavity?

Spinal cavity

The body's ability to maintain internal conditions is referred to as ___

homeostasis

Which organelles can be called the "digestive bags" of the cell?

lysosomes

A cancer drug prevents DNA transcription from occurring. Thus, the cell unable to make ________.

mRNA

The epigastric region is ________ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

medial

The system that controls and coordinates the body using hormones is the ________.

endocrine system

The orbital cavities house the ________.

eyes

The reaction sucrose + water → glucose + fructose is an example of a(n) ________.

hydrolysis reaction

The right & left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the___ region.

hypogastric (gastric)

A surgeon created an opening in the chest during surgery. The incision was made along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n) ________.

median (midsagittal) section

The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the__

mediastrinum

Atomic mass number—sum of the protons and -------- contained in an atom's nucleus

neutrons

The number of protons always equals the ________ in a neutral atom.

number of electrons

Blood is considered a weak base. Select the pH that best represents blood.

pH 7.4

The area between the anus and the pubic arch includes the _______ region.

perineal

During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________

proteins

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ________ an atom contains.

protons

The atomic mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of ________ contained in its nucleus.

protons and neutrons

A broken rib on the right side of the body would likely be felt in the

right hypochondriac region.

The lungs and heart are situated in the ________ body cavity.

thoracic

To perform heart surgery, an incision is made into the ________ cavity.

thoracic

The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________.

thymine; guanine

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ________.

tissues

Which of the following is found in a molecule of DNA but not in a molecule of RNA?

Deoxyribose

Which two organ systems include the pancreas?

Digestive and endocrine systems

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?

Distal

--------------: Act as biological catalysts , Increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Enzymes

Which type of functional protein serves as a catalyst in the body's chemical reactions?

Enzymes

Which of the following is not a hallmark feature of epithelial tissues?

Epithelial tissues are well vascularized.

Cells are the building blocks of all matter.

False

Diffusion occurs when molecules move against their concentration gradients.

False

Glands of the nervous system release chemicals called hormones into the blood.

False

Ribosomes are found attached to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm.

False

The hypogastric (pubic) region is directly superior to the umbilical region.

False

The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity.

False

Which of the following carbohydrates would be the best choice for providing the fuel for ATP production?

Glucose

People with asthma produce too much mucus, which can block the airways. What type of cell associated with the epithelium of the respiratory tract is responsible for making mucus?

Goblet cell

Popliteal refers to the:

area behind the knee.

Enzymes are ________.

biological catalysts

The major organs of the skeletal system are the ________.

bones, cartilages, and joints

The internal (inner) ear functions in the sensation of hearing only.

False

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis?

First-degree

Which portion of the retina contains a concentration of cones?

Fovea centralis

Which disorder of the eye results from increased pressure due to a buildup of aqueous humor?

Glaucoma

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?

Goiter

Test in which blood sample is spun in a test tube so that the red blood cells (RBCs) fall to the bottom and the percentage of RBCs is determined:

Hematocrit

Echocardiography (ECHO) is BEST described by which of the following statements?

High-frequency sound waves are transmitted into the chest.

What stimulates the release of calcitonin?

Increasing level of blood calcium ions

What provides toughness to the dermis and holds water in this skin layer?

Collagen fibers

positioned between the left upper and lower heart chambers

mitral valve

What function do the arrector pili muscles serve?

Connect each side of the hair follicle to dermal tissue

a local widening of an artery

aneurysm

A vein that returns blood from the head is the

jugular

The spinal cord terminates by vertebra ___.

L3

Active processes, such as solute pumping, use ATP.

True

Theoretically, a person with type AB blood can safely receive ___ type blood.

-A -B -AB

ischemia

-may be a result of coronary artery disease -can be caused by thrombotic occlusion of a blood vessel -can lead to myocardial infarction -holding back of blood from an area

Which of the following is a semilunar valve?

Aortic

Which of these neuroglial cells contributes to the structure of the blood-brain barrier?

Astrocytes

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Disease may be caused by rheumatic heart disease

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.

Broca's area

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Vessel in which exchange occurs between the blood and tissue fluid.

Capillaries

Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, and then found walking and maintaining her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by the alcohol?

Cerebellum

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, from superior to inferior?

Cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Which white blood cell helps protect against parasitic worms?

Eosinophil

Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

Ependymal cells

Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?

Epicardium

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes?

Erythrocyte

What are the three cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain?

Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

Another term for plasma is interstitial fluid.

False

Antihemophilic factor is factor number VI

False

Buffy coat contains leukocytes, or WBC, and RBC .

False

During surgery, blood vessels or tissues may be removed or disturbed, resulting in edema.

False

Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS.

False

Physiology of clotting is a Cascade in 4 stages

False

The choroid consists of an outer, pigmented layer and an inner, neural layer, which is home to rods and cones.

False

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the nonfunctioning fetal liver.

False

Saltatory conduction is a faster type of nerve impulse transmission that occurs along myelinated axons. Why is nerve impulse transmission faster in myelinated neurons?

The nerve impulse can jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, speeding the rate of nerve impulse transmission.

Which statement regarding the function of the pupil is correct?

The pupil regulates the amount of light entering the eye, so we can see as clearly as possible.

Which of the following is a vital function of the integumentary system?

The skin synthesizes vitamin D.

What is the primary function of thymosin?

Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.

Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system?

Thyroid

The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ____.

malleus or hammer

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next.

malleus, incus, stapes

The thymus is located in the:

mediastinum

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.

medulla oblongata

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ________.

melanin

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

The pineal gland produces ___.

melatonin

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle?

melatonin

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that collectively called____.

meniges

Some white blood cells are capable of diapedesis, which means they can:

migrate out of blood vessels into tissue spaces.

What is diapedesis?

migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

Located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart

mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

mitral valve

Rising levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) will inhibit its further hormone release. This type of control mechanism is best described as ________.

negative feedback mechanism

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ___.

neuroglia

The kinds of white cells that contain granules are _____.

neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils

The gaps between Schwaan cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called___.

nodes of Ranvier

resting rate of 60-100 bpm

normal sinus rhythm

A football player broke a bone in the tarsal region. This region is in the ________.

ankle

Matter is best described as ________.

anything that occupies space and has mass

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________.

organelles

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________.

osmosis

An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ________.

cation

The major cell type of cartilage is the ____.

chondrocyte

Which of the following would be classified as an enzyme?

Hydrolase

The hypogastric (pubic) region is ___ to the umbilical region.

Inferior

What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?

Ionic bond

Which of these regions is not associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head?

Occipital

What is required for filtration to occur?

Pressure gradient

A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should be categorized as ________.

RNA

A young skull sustained hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured?

Skull

________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs.

Smooth

There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.

True

The diaphragm creates a ___ section by diving the ventral body cavity into superior & inferior subdivisions.

Transverse (cross)

Which type of plane separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Transverse (cross)

An outpatient is having a scan performed to check for lung cancer. The lung should be scanned showing the lungs image in a left to right view. What type of plane do you recommend?

Transverse (cross) plane

Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA.

True

In anatomical position, a person is assumed to be standing erect.

True

Mitotic spindles guide the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.

True

The four most common elements in the human body are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

True

The four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

True

The matrix of hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers hidden in a rubbery matrix.

True

The number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element.

True

The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier.

True

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.

True