a&p ch. 12 ls

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which of the following pumps can you find in the plasma membrane? check all that apply.

-Ca2+ -Na+/K+

Which of the following are considered types of effectors?

-Cardiac muscle -Skeletal muscle -Glands

Which of the following are structural classifications of neurons?

-Multipolar -Unipolar -Bipolar

which of the following are functions of astrocytes?

-Replaces damaged neurons -Helps form the blood-brain barrier -Regulates the composition of interstitial fluid

Which two are division of the sensory nervous system?

-Somatic division -Visceral division

What must happen in order for a chemical signal to change the membrane potential of a neuron?

-There must be a change in the number of open ion channels -There must be a change in ion flow across the membrane

Which of the following are true of nuerolemmocytes?

-They create the myelin sheath in the PNS -They are also called Schwann cells

Synapses are classified as:

-electrical synapses -chemical synapses

Which of the following would be likely to cause hyperpolarization of a neuron?

-opening of a chemically gated chloride channel -opening of a voltage gated potassium channel

Synaptic knobs are also called:

-terminal boutons -end bulbs

Which of the following segments of a neuron contain large numbers of voltage - gated potassium channels and voltage- gated sodium channels?

-the conductive segment -the initial segment

Generally, nervous tissue is made up of ______ distinct cell types.

2

Which functional division of the nervous system provides involuntary control of smooth muscle?

Autonomic motor

_____ nerves extend from the brain, while _____ nerves extend from the spinal cord.

Cranial, Spinal

The net diffusion of a given ion is dependent upon its ________ ________.

Electrochemical gradient

True or false: Neurons far outnumber glial cells.

False

Neurons are classified ____ depending on the direction the nerve impulse travels.

Functionally

which of the choices is an acronym which is used to describe a postsynaptic graded potential in which the membrane becomes more negative on the inside

IPSP

____ cells are the least common glial cell of the CNS.

Microglia

Which glial cell acts as a phagocyte?

Microglial cell

Which cell type is considered "nerve glue"?

Neuroglial cells

What is the basic structural unit of the nervous system?

Neuron

_____ are large cells that ensheath many different axons.

Oligodendrocytes

Which structural division of the nervous system projects information to and recieves info from the brain & spinal cord?

Peripheral nervous system

WHich electrical event immediately follows the binding of neurotransmitter molecules to chemically gated ion channels?

Postsynaptic potential

______ nerves always relay information to the CNS

Sensory

True or false: Most voltage-gated ion channels are closed until the electrical potential across a membrane changes.

True

Which division of the nervous system detects impulses from blood vessels and internal organs?

Visceral sensory division

A flow of electrical current called a _____ _______ is generated within the initial segment of a neuron.

action potential

Sensory _____ neurons carry info _____ the central nervous system.

afferent/toward

The ________ division of the nervous system is subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

autonomic

The plasma membrane of an axon is called the _____.

axolemma

A nerve is a bundle of parallel _____.

axons

The synapse is located _____ the presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron.

between

The nervous system is composed of the _____, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia.

brain

The central nervous system is made of the ____ and spinal ____.

brain, cord

Satellite cells are found surrounding:

cell bodies

A soma is another name for the:

cell body

The somatic sensory division detected stimuli that are ______ detected.

consiously

If ohms law is rearrange to Voltage ="A"X resistance, the term "A" should be ______.

current

The tissues that receive nerve impulses from motor neurons are called:

effectors

The motor nervous system is also referred to as the _____ division.

efferent

A difference in the number of charged particles between two sides of membrane forms a(n) ______.

electrical gradient

the "E" in EPSP stands for ______, meaning that the potential makes the inside of the postsynaptic cell more ______

excitatory, positive

A cluster of neuron cell bodies found along a peripheral nerve is known as a?

ganglion

An action potential is also called a nerve _____.

impulse

The myelin sheath is made of a high percentage of:

lipids

The autonomic division of the nervous system is part of the _____ nervous sytem.

motor

Interneurons facilitate between ________ neurons and _______ neurons.

motor, sensory

Most motor neurons are:

multipolar

the regulation of the response of neurons to neurotransmitters is known as

neuromodulation

Nervous tissue is composed of glial cells and ______.

neurons

In neurons, most chemically gated ion channels open in response to the binding of a(n) ______.

neurotransmitter

_________ are chemicals released from synaptic knobs and bind to receptors on postsynaptic membranes.

neurotransmitters

A fascicle is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called:

perineurium

The sequential opening of voltage gated sodium channels is followed by the sequential opening of Voltage gated _____ channels.

potassium

Voltage is a measure of relative _____ energy.

potential

the nervous system collects information through:

receptors

During the _____ ______ an axon is either incapable of generating an action potential, or requires a larger than normal stimulus.

refractory period

The opposition to the movement of electrical charge is known as ______.

resistance

The relative difference in charge across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron is known as the _____.

resting membrane potential

which of the following are considered types of effectors?

skeletal muscle, glands, cardiac muscle

Receptors detect changes in the external or internal environment. These changes are called _____.

stimuli

A change in membrane potential insufficient to cause an action potential is known as a _______ _______.

subthreshold value

The process by which postsynaptic potentials are added together at the initial segment is known as ____.

summation

The junction between an axon and another cell is called a:

synapse

"An action potential either happens or it doesn't." This statement could also be called _______.

the all or none law

Sensory nerves carry info:

to the central nervous system

Dendrites transfer info _____ the cell body.

toward

Pseudounipolar is another name for a ____ neuron.

unipolar


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