a&p ch. 12 ls
which of the following pumps can you find in the plasma membrane? check all that apply.
-Ca2+ -Na+/K+
Which of the following are considered types of effectors?
-Cardiac muscle -Skeletal muscle -Glands
Which of the following are structural classifications of neurons?
-Multipolar -Unipolar -Bipolar
which of the following are functions of astrocytes?
-Replaces damaged neurons -Helps form the blood-brain barrier -Regulates the composition of interstitial fluid
Which two are division of the sensory nervous system?
-Somatic division -Visceral division
What must happen in order for a chemical signal to change the membrane potential of a neuron?
-There must be a change in the number of open ion channels -There must be a change in ion flow across the membrane
Which of the following are true of nuerolemmocytes?
-They create the myelin sheath in the PNS -They are also called Schwann cells
Synapses are classified as:
-electrical synapses -chemical synapses
Which of the following would be likely to cause hyperpolarization of a neuron?
-opening of a chemically gated chloride channel -opening of a voltage gated potassium channel
Synaptic knobs are also called:
-terminal boutons -end bulbs
Which of the following segments of a neuron contain large numbers of voltage - gated potassium channels and voltage- gated sodium channels?
-the conductive segment -the initial segment
Generally, nervous tissue is made up of ______ distinct cell types.
2
Which functional division of the nervous system provides involuntary control of smooth muscle?
Autonomic motor
_____ nerves extend from the brain, while _____ nerves extend from the spinal cord.
Cranial, Spinal
The net diffusion of a given ion is dependent upon its ________ ________.
Electrochemical gradient
True or false: Neurons far outnumber glial cells.
False
Neurons are classified ____ depending on the direction the nerve impulse travels.
Functionally
which of the choices is an acronym which is used to describe a postsynaptic graded potential in which the membrane becomes more negative on the inside
IPSP
____ cells are the least common glial cell of the CNS.
Microglia
Which glial cell acts as a phagocyte?
Microglial cell
Which cell type is considered "nerve glue"?
Neuroglial cells
What is the basic structural unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
_____ are large cells that ensheath many different axons.
Oligodendrocytes
Which structural division of the nervous system projects information to and recieves info from the brain & spinal cord?
Peripheral nervous system
WHich electrical event immediately follows the binding of neurotransmitter molecules to chemically gated ion channels?
Postsynaptic potential
______ nerves always relay information to the CNS
Sensory
True or false: Most voltage-gated ion channels are closed until the electrical potential across a membrane changes.
True
Which division of the nervous system detects impulses from blood vessels and internal organs?
Visceral sensory division
A flow of electrical current called a _____ _______ is generated within the initial segment of a neuron.
action potential
Sensory _____ neurons carry info _____ the central nervous system.
afferent/toward
The ________ division of the nervous system is subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
autonomic
The plasma membrane of an axon is called the _____.
axolemma
A nerve is a bundle of parallel _____.
axons
The synapse is located _____ the presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron.
between
The nervous system is composed of the _____, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia.
brain
The central nervous system is made of the ____ and spinal ____.
brain, cord
Satellite cells are found surrounding:
cell bodies
A soma is another name for the:
cell body
The somatic sensory division detected stimuli that are ______ detected.
consiously
If ohms law is rearrange to Voltage ="A"X resistance, the term "A" should be ______.
current
The tissues that receive nerve impulses from motor neurons are called:
effectors
The motor nervous system is also referred to as the _____ division.
efferent
A difference in the number of charged particles between two sides of membrane forms a(n) ______.
electrical gradient
the "E" in EPSP stands for ______, meaning that the potential makes the inside of the postsynaptic cell more ______
excitatory, positive
A cluster of neuron cell bodies found along a peripheral nerve is known as a?
ganglion
An action potential is also called a nerve _____.
impulse
The myelin sheath is made of a high percentage of:
lipids
The autonomic division of the nervous system is part of the _____ nervous sytem.
motor
Interneurons facilitate between ________ neurons and _______ neurons.
motor, sensory
Most motor neurons are:
multipolar
the regulation of the response of neurons to neurotransmitters is known as
neuromodulation
Nervous tissue is composed of glial cells and ______.
neurons
In neurons, most chemically gated ion channels open in response to the binding of a(n) ______.
neurotransmitter
_________ are chemicals released from synaptic knobs and bind to receptors on postsynaptic membranes.
neurotransmitters
A fascicle is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called:
perineurium
The sequential opening of voltage gated sodium channels is followed by the sequential opening of Voltage gated _____ channels.
potassium
Voltage is a measure of relative _____ energy.
potential
the nervous system collects information through:
receptors
During the _____ ______ an axon is either incapable of generating an action potential, or requires a larger than normal stimulus.
refractory period
The opposition to the movement of electrical charge is known as ______.
resistance
The relative difference in charge across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron is known as the _____.
resting membrane potential
which of the following are considered types of effectors?
skeletal muscle, glands, cardiac muscle
Receptors detect changes in the external or internal environment. These changes are called _____.
stimuli
A change in membrane potential insufficient to cause an action potential is known as a _______ _______.
subthreshold value
The process by which postsynaptic potentials are added together at the initial segment is known as ____.
summation
The junction between an axon and another cell is called a:
synapse
"An action potential either happens or it doesn't." This statement could also be called _______.
the all or none law
Sensory nerves carry info:
to the central nervous system
Dendrites transfer info _____ the cell body.
toward
Pseudounipolar is another name for a ____ neuron.
unipolar
