A&P Ch. 6,7,8 Lab 5

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Which digit is the radius closest to?

1

Which of the following digits contain only 2 phalanges?

1

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?

12

How many phalanges are located in the hand?

14

How many ribs make up the rib cage?

24

How many bones make up the nasal septum?

3

The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.

3

Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.

3 - 5

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?

5

Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.

5

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

7

Name the number of tarsals.

7

How many carpals make up the wrist?

8

Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________.

90 degrees

The sella turcica is best described as:

A depression.

Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.

A projection on the mandible

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.

A shallow depression

Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.

Acromion process

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

All synovial joints are freely movable.

The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas?

Appendicular skeleton

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

Atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas - Axis

Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.

Auricular surface

Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?

Auricular surface of the ilium

Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?

Body

Identify the anatomical term for the "heel bone".

Calcaneus

Choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone.

Canaliculi

Identify the bones that make up the wrist.

Carpals

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

The inferior surface of the clavicle has a projection called the:

Conoid process

Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.

Coracoid process

Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.

Cribriform plates

Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.

Crista galli

The __________ is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint during flexion.

Deltoid

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.

Demi-facet

Where in the skeleton is the ulna located in reference to the humerus?

Distal

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?

Elongated spinous process

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?

Ethmoid

Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.

External acoustic meatus

The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

False

The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.

False

The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

False

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

False

The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.

False

Name bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia.

Femur

Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Foramen magnum

What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?

Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.

Identify the true statement about the head of the ulna.

Found at the distal end of the bone.

Abduction requires the action of two muscles, and adduction requires the action of __________.

Four muscles

Which of the following bones is unpaired?

Frontal

Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface.

Greater sciatic notch

Identify the landmark found on the proximal end of the humerus.

Greater tubercle

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.

Head

Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.

Head

What part of the fibula is found near the knee joint?

Head

What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint?

Head

Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.

Hyaline cartilage

The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.

Iliac crest

Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?

Ilium

Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.

In between the orbits

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

Inferior articular processes

Where is the mandibular fossa located?

Inferior surface of the zygomatic process

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?

Intervertebral discs

Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?

Ischial tuberosity

What physiological processes allow growing bones to acquire their unique features such as processes, tuberosities, condyles, and fossae?

It results from mechanical stress and remodeling.

Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.

Lacrimal

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?

Lacrimal bone

Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.

Lambdoid

Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?

Lamina

Where is the radius located in reference to the ulna?

Lateral

Which region of the clavicle is known as the acromial end?

Lateral

Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus?

Lateral epicondyle

Name the noticeable bump on the outside of the ankle.

Lateral malleolus

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.

Lesser wings

Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.

Linea aspera

Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________.

Lyme disease

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.

Mandibular condyle

Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?

Mandibular condyle

Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view?

Mandibular foramina

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.

Mandibular fossa

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.

Mandibular fossa

Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.

Mandibular notch

The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:

Mandibular ramus

Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?

Maxillary bones Palatine bones

The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?

Medial and lateral condyles

Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.

Medial and proximal

Which part of the leg does the tibia form?

Medial leg

Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.

Medial malleolus

Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?

Median sacral crest

Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.

Mental foramina

Identify the bones that make up the palm of the hand.

Metacarpals

Identify the bones that make up the middle portion of the foot.

Metatarsals

Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?

Nasal

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?

Nasal

The condition known as a "fractured hip" is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?

Neck

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Occipital bone - atlas

Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.

Occipital condyles

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital condyles

Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the distal humerus.

Olecranon fossa

Identify the region of the ulna that articulates with the humerus when the forearm is in full extension.

Olecranon process

Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.

Olfactory foramina

Which landmark is found on the anterior surface of the femur?

Patellar surface

Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.

Perpendicular plate

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum?

Perpendicular plate

What type of joint is formed between the radius and ulna?

Pivot

Identify the location of the occipital bone.

Posterior surface and base of the cranium

Which bony landmarks can be palpated on the anterior surface of the body, close to the midline?

Pubic tubercles

What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?

Sacral region

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.

Sagittal suture

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally.

Scapula

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.

Sella turcica

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?

Sphenoid

Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?

Spine

Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.

Spinous process

Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.

Squamous part

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially.

Sternum

Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.

Styloid process

Identify the projection found on distal end of the ulna.

Styloid process

Which of the following regions of the radius help form the wrist joint?

Styloid process

Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?

Subscapular fossa

The suprascapular notch is found on:

Superior border

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar

Identify the type of movement enabled by the articulation between the radius and ulna at the elbow.

Supination

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?

T12

Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula.

Talus

Which of the following muscles assists during extension of the glenohumeral joint, but is not as a prime mover?

Teres major

Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.

The olfactory nerve (CN I)

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

Identify the 2 bones that the fibula articulates with in the skeleton.

Tibia and foot

Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.

Tibial tuberosity

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.

Transverse costal facet

Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna, located between the medial epicondyle and capitulum.

Trochlea

Identify the primary region of the ulna that forms the hinge joint with the humerus.

Trochlear notch

The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.

True

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

True

The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.

True

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

True

The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.

True

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Tubercle

Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?

Vomer

What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?

Xiphoid Process

What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?

Zygomatic bones

Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic process

Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________.

abduction

What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?

abduction

Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.

abduction and adduction

Identify the articulation site for the femur.

acetabulum

Tendon sheaths ________.

act as friction-reducing structures

A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________.

adduction

The figure represents a wedge-shaped section of which structural unit of bone?

an osteon

Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus?

appendicular

Synarthrotic joints ________.

are immovable joints

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

axis

Identify the central portion of the sternum.

body

Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________.

bone formation

The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________.

brachialis

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.

bursae

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?

calcitonin

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?

calcitriol

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?

calcitriol

Synchondroses and symphyses are examples of ________ joints.

cartilaginous

Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch.

cheek

Identify the tailbone.

coccyx

Identify the common name for the clavicle.

collarbone

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

compact bone

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________.

costal facets

The occipital bone forms part of the:

cranium

If a drug has the side effect of inhibiting osteoblast activity, how may taking this drug impact the patient's skeletal system?

decreased bone density

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

decreased epiphyseal plate activity

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

diarthrotic

At what age do bones reach their peak density?

early adulthood

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

epiphyseal plate

Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women?

estrogen deficiency due to menopause

The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.

false

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

fat

The pelvic girdle does not include the ________.

femur

Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia.

fibula

Identify the bone of the lower limb that bears the least amount of weight.

fibula

Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________.

flexion and extension

Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.

floor of the skull

Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.

glenoid fossa

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.

gomphosis

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is of greatest importance for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

growth hormone

Identify the region of the radius that articulates with the ulna.

head

This bone articulates with the glenoid fossa.

humerus

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.

hyaline cartilage

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

hyaline cartilage

Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue?

hyoid bone

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.

hyperextension

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)

increase osteoblasts on bone

Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.

infraorbital foramen

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

What type of bone is a phalanx?

long

What type of bone is the fibula?

long

What type of bones are the phalanges?

long

Which of the following is the normal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?

lordosis

Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.

manubrium

Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?

maxillary

Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?

medial

Which of theses projections of the ethmoid bone are most visible in the nasal cavity?

middle nasal conchae

Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?

nasal septum

Identify the large hole found in this bone.

obturator foramen

The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:

olfactory foramina

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

osteoblast

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

osteoclast

Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.

palatine bone

Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?

palatine processes

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

parathyroid hormone

The fingers have three of these bones and the thumb has only two.

phalanges

Pointing the toes is an example of ________.

plantar flexion

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.

prevent hyperextension of the knee

Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to ________.

prevent hyperextension of the spine

Movement of the forearm includes __________.

pronation and supination

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________

protraction

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.

provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

What is the major function of the axial skeleton?

provide central support for the body and protect internal organs

Forearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals.

radius

In a healthy, young adult, what determines where bone remodeling will occur?

regional areas of mechanical stress

Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?

rotation

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

sacral

Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.

sacrum

The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?

sagittal

The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the ________.

sagittal

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?

scoliosis

Which of the following is not a movement that can occur between vertebrae?

supination

A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.

symphysis

A situation where the bones are connected exclusively by ligaments, cords, or bands of fibrous tissue is a ________.

syndesmosis

Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

temporal process

In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________.

temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?

the lumbar region

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

the osteon

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

the patellar ligament

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?

the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

The axial skeleton includes ________.

the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________.

there is little risk of physically damaging the heart

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

thoracic

Which digit is composed of only two phalanges?

thumb

What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs?

to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine

Why does bone remodeling occur in an adult skeleton?

to maintain adequate blood calcium levels

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

transverse process

The prime mover of elbow extension is the __________.

triceps brachii

Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.

trochanter

What bone forms part of the nasal septum?

vomer

What are menisci (articular discs)?

wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity

Which joint does NOT belong with the others?

wrist

Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek?

zygomatic bone

Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch.

zygomatic bone and temporal bone

Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch.

zygomatic process


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