A&P Ch. 6,7,8 Lab 5
Which digit is the radius closest to?
1
Which of the following digits contain only 2 phalanges?
1
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?
12
How many phalanges are located in the hand?
14
How many ribs make up the rib cage?
24
How many bones make up the nasal septum?
3
The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.
3
Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.
3 - 5
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
5
How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?
5
Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.
5
How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?
7
Name the number of tarsals.
7
How many carpals make up the wrist?
8
Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________.
90 degrees
The sella turcica is best described as:
A depression.
Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.
A projection on the mandible
Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.
A shallow depression
Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.
Acromion process
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
All synovial joints are freely movable.
The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas?
Appendicular skeleton
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?
Atlas
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
Atlas - Axis
Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.
Auricular surface
Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?
Auricular surface of the ilium
Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?
Body
Identify the anatomical term for the "heel bone".
Calcaneus
Choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone.
Canaliculi
Identify the bones that make up the wrist.
Carpals
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
The inferior surface of the clavicle has a projection called the:
Conoid process
Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.
Coracoid process
Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.
Cribriform plates
Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.
Crista galli
The __________ is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint during flexion.
Deltoid
Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.
Demi-facet
Where in the skeleton is the ulna located in reference to the humerus?
Distal
Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?
Elongated spinous process
Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?
Ethmoid
Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.
External acoustic meatus
The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.
False
The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.
False
The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.
False
The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.
False
The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.
False
Name bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia.
Femur
Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
Foramen magnum
What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?
Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.
Identify the true statement about the head of the ulna.
Found at the distal end of the bone.
Abduction requires the action of two muscles, and adduction requires the action of __________.
Four muscles
Which of the following bones is unpaired?
Frontal
Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface.
Greater sciatic notch
Identify the landmark found on the proximal end of the humerus.
Greater tubercle
Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.
Head
Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.
Head
What part of the fibula is found near the knee joint?
Head
What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint?
Head
Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.
Hyaline cartilage
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.
Iliac crest
Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?
Ilium
Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.
In between the orbits
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Inferior articular processes
Where is the mandibular fossa located?
Inferior surface of the zygomatic process
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
Intervertebral discs
Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?
Ischial tuberosity
What physiological processes allow growing bones to acquire their unique features such as processes, tuberosities, condyles, and fossae?
It results from mechanical stress and remodeling.
Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.
Lacrimal
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?
Lacrimal bone
Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.
Lambdoid
Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?
Lamina
Where is the radius located in reference to the ulna?
Lateral
Which region of the clavicle is known as the acromial end?
Lateral
Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus?
Lateral epicondyle
Name the noticeable bump on the outside of the ankle.
Lateral malleolus
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.
Lesser wings
Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.
Linea aspera
Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________.
Lyme disease
Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.
Mandibular condyle
Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?
Mandibular condyle
Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view?
Mandibular foramina
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.
Mandibular fossa
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.
Mandibular fossa
Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.
Mandibular notch
The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:
Mandibular ramus
Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?
Maxillary bones Palatine bones
The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?
Medial and lateral condyles
Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.
Medial and proximal
Which part of the leg does the tibia form?
Medial leg
Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.
Medial malleolus
Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?
Median sacral crest
Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.
Mental foramina
Identify the bones that make up the palm of the hand.
Metacarpals
Identify the bones that make up the middle portion of the foot.
Metatarsals
Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?
Nasal
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?
Nasal
The condition known as a "fractured hip" is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?
Neck
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".
Occipital bone - atlas
Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.
Occipital condyles
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
Occipital condyles
Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the distal humerus.
Olecranon fossa
Identify the region of the ulna that articulates with the humerus when the forearm is in full extension.
Olecranon process
Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.
Olfactory foramina
Which landmark is found on the anterior surface of the femur?
Patellar surface
Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.
Perpendicular plate
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate
What type of joint is formed between the radius and ulna?
Pivot
Identify the location of the occipital bone.
Posterior surface and base of the cranium
Which bony landmarks can be palpated on the anterior surface of the body, close to the midline?
Pubic tubercles
What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?
Sacral region
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.
Sagittal suture
Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally.
Scapula
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.
Sella turcica
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?
Sphenoid
Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
Spine
Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.
Spinous process
Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.
Squamous part
Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially.
Sternum
Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.
Styloid process
Identify the projection found on distal end of the ulna.
Styloid process
Which of the following regions of the radius help form the wrist joint?
Styloid process
Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?
Subscapular fossa
The suprascapular notch is found on:
Superior border
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
Identify the type of movement enabled by the articulation between the radius and ulna at the elbow.
Supination
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?
T12
Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula.
Talus
Which of the following muscles assists during extension of the glenohumeral joint, but is not as a prime mover?
Teres major
Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.
The olfactory nerve (CN I)
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
Identify the 2 bones that the fibula articulates with in the skeleton.
Tibia and foot
Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.
Tibial tuberosity
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.
Transverse costal facet
Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna, located between the medial epicondyle and capitulum.
Trochlea
Identify the primary region of the ulna that forms the hinge joint with the humerus.
Trochlear notch
The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.
True
The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.
True
The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
True
The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.
True
The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.
True
Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
Tubercle
Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?
Vomer
What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?
Xiphoid Process
What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?
Zygomatic bones
Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
Zygomatic process
Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________.
abduction
What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?
abduction
Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.
abduction and adduction
Identify the articulation site for the femur.
acetabulum
Tendon sheaths ________.
act as friction-reducing structures
A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________.
adduction
The figure represents a wedge-shaped section of which structural unit of bone?
an osteon
Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus?
appendicular
Synarthrotic joints ________.
are immovable joints
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
atlas
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
axis
Identify the central portion of the sternum.
body
Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________.
bone formation
The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________.
brachialis
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.
bursae
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
calcitonin
PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
calcitriol
Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
calcitriol
Synchondroses and symphyses are examples of ________ joints.
cartilaginous
Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch.
cheek
Identify the tailbone.
coccyx
Identify the common name for the clavicle.
collarbone
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?
compact bone
Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________.
costal facets
The occipital bone forms part of the:
cranium
If a drug has the side effect of inhibiting osteoblast activity, how may taking this drug impact the patient's skeletal system?
decreased bone density
What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?
decreased epiphyseal plate activity
Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?
diarthrotic
At what age do bones reach their peak density?
early adulthood
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?
epiphyseal plate
Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women?
estrogen deficiency due to menopause
The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
false
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.
fat
The pelvic girdle does not include the ________.
femur
Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia.
fibula
Identify the bone of the lower limb that bears the least amount of weight.
fibula
Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________.
flexion and extension
Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.
floor of the skull
Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.
glenoid fossa
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.
gomphosis
Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is of greatest importance for bone growth during infancy and childhood?
growth hormone
Identify the region of the radius that articulates with the ulna.
head
This bone articulates with the glenoid fossa.
humerus
In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.
hyaline cartilage
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue?
hyoid bone
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.
hyperextension
Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
increase osteoblasts on bone
Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.
infraorbital foramen
The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.
is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone
What type of bone is a phalanx?
long
What type of bone is the fibula?
long
What type of bones are the phalanges?
long
Which of the following is the normal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?
lordosis
Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.
manubrium
Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?
maxillary
Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?
medial
Which of theses projections of the ethmoid bone are most visible in the nasal cavity?
middle nasal conchae
Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?
nasal septum
Identify the large hole found in this bone.
obturator foramen
The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:
olfactory foramina
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.
osteoblast
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
osteoclast
Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.
palatine bone
Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?
palatine processes
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
parathyroid hormone
The fingers have three of these bones and the thumb has only two.
phalanges
Pointing the toes is an example of ________.
plantar flexion
The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.
prevent hyperextension of the knee
Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to ________.
prevent hyperextension of the spine
Movement of the forearm includes __________.
pronation and supination
Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________
protraction
Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.
provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
What is the major function of the axial skeleton?
provide central support for the body and protect internal organs
Forearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals.
radius
In a healthy, young adult, what determines where bone remodeling will occur?
regional areas of mechanical stress
Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?
rotation
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?
sacral
Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.
sacrum
The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?
sagittal
The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the ________.
sagittal
Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?
scoliosis
Which of the following is not a movement that can occur between vertebrae?
supination
A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.
symphysis
A situation where the bones are connected exclusively by ligaments, cords, or bands of fibrous tissue is a ________.
syndesmosis
Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
temporal process
In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________.
temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses
Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?
the lumbar region
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
the osteon
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?
the patellar ligament
Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?
the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
The axial skeleton includes ________.
the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________.
there is little risk of physically damaging the heart
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?
thoracic
Which digit is composed of only two phalanges?
thumb
What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs?
to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine
Why does bone remodeling occur in an adult skeleton?
to maintain adequate blood calcium levels
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
transverse process
The prime mover of elbow extension is the __________.
triceps brachii
Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.
trochanter
What bone forms part of the nasal septum?
vomer
What are menisci (articular discs)?
wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity
Which joint does NOT belong with the others?
wrist
Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek?
zygomatic bone
Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic bone and temporal bone
Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic process
