A&P Ch.1 Introduction to the Human Body

Which of the following is inferior to the lumbar region? A. Scapular B. Axillary C. Deltoid D. Gluteal

D. Gluteal

When dividing the body into quadrants, which of the following abbreviations would not be used? A. LUQ B. RLQ C. LLQ D. RIQ

D. RIQ

The surface of the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into four quadrants or __ separate regions. A. three B. five C. seven D. nine

D. nine

Midepigastric

Related to the middle of the epigastric region of the abdomen. A person may complain of discomfort.

Cavity that contains the cranial & spinal cavities

dorsal

Pertaining to the mouth

oral

Kneecap area

patellar

part of the ventral cavity that contains the lungs

pleural

What are the (three) planes?

sagittal, frontal (coronal), & transverse

Shoulder blade area

scapular

Breastbone area

sternal

transverse

A _____ plane cuts across the body; an upper & lower body is created

pathologist

A _______ examines tissue for evidence of disease.

antecubital space

A sample of blood is commonly drawn from a vein in the _______.

Which of the following is not true of the dorsal cavity? A. It contains the mediastinum. B. It contains the brain and spinal cord. C. It contains the cranial cavity. D. It is smaller than the ventral cavity.

A. It contains the mediastinum.

When discussing the structure of the cell, the instructor is referring to the A. anatomy. B. physiology. C. pathophysiology. D. functions of the cell.

A. anatomy.

The simplest level of human body organization is a(an) A. cell B. tissue C. organ D. organ system

A. cell

The transverse plane ______. A. divides the body horizontally. B. creates ventral and dorsal regions. C. is also called the frontal plane. D. divides the body down the midline

A. divides the body horizontally.

List the body's level of organization from simplest to most complex

Atoms - molecules - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - human organism

Which organ system contains glands that secrete hormones? A. Integumentary B. Endocrine C. Lymphatic D. Immune

B. Endocrine

A 26-year-old man is scheduled for an appendectomy. Which of the following areas is involved surgically? A. Epigastric region B. Umbilical region C. Right iliac region D. Right hypochondriac region

C. Right iliac region

A patient was admitted to the emergency department. The physician recorded the patient's pain as originating in the lower lumbar region, radiating down to the right gluteal and femoral regions. Which of the following is a restatement of this description? A. The pain is sharp and associated with nausea and vomiting. B. The pain is indicative of a rotator cuff tear. C. The pain begins in the lower back and radiates downward to the right buttock and thigh regions. D. The pain originates behind the breastbone and radiates to the left armpit area.

C. The pain begins in the lower back and radiates downward to the right buttock and thigh regions.

The ability of the body to maintain a stable environment in response to a changing environment is referred to as A. a homeostatic mechanism response. B. homeostatic imbalance. C. homeostasis. D. physiology.

C. homeostasis.

The major organ system that protects the body from allergens such as pollen and bee venom is the A. circulatory system. B. lymphatic system. C. immune system. D. integumentary system.

C. immune system

When a doctor explains the consequences of a pancreas that does not function properly and the effect of diabetes on the body to a patient, he or she is discussing the A. anatomy. B. physiology. C. pathophysiology. D. homeostasis.

C. pathophysiology

The lungs are located in the A. pericardial cavity. B. mediastinum. C. ventral cavity. D. orbital cavity.

C. ventral cavity

The sagittal plane A. is also called the coronal plane. B. divides the body into superior and inferior regions. C. divides the body into anterior and posterior regions. D. divides the body into right and left halves.

D. divides the body into right and left halves.

The RUQ A. is superior to the diaphragm. B. is inferior to the epigastric region. C. surrounds the umbilical region. D. refers to a surface division of the abdomen.

D. refers to a surface division of the abdomen.

The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity. The best term to refer to the relationship of the lungs to the diaphragm is A. peripheral. B. lateral. C. anterior. D. superior.

D. superior.

Distal/proximal and superior/inferior are relative terms. Explain. Provide an example in which (1) the elbow can be referred to as distal or proximal, and (2) the umbilicus can be described as superior or inferior.

Distal and proximal are relative terms. This is best illustrated by a reference to the wrist. The wrist is distal to the elbow, meaning that is farther away from the body (point of attachment) than the elbow. However, the wrist is proximal to the knuckles, meaning that it is closer to the body (point of attachment) than the knuckles. Thus, the wrist is described as being both proximal and distal, depending on the structure to which it is being compared. The same is true of superior/inferior. The umbilicus is superior to the urinary bladder but inferior to the lungs.

Can you give three examples of why the human figures are not in the anatomical position?

In the anatomical position, the body is standing erect, with the face forward, the arms at the sides, and the toes and the palms directed forward. The human figures in Figure 1-3 show that the head is turned to the side. The left leg is not pointing forward. The left arm is flexed (bent) with the hand on the hip.

What are the 12 major organ systems?

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, heart & circulatory, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, & reproductive systems

Prognosis

Refers to a likely course of outcome of a disease.

What are the relative positions?

Superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, proximal-distal, superficial-deep, & central-peripheral

What cavity is divided into quadrants and regions?

The abdominopelvic cavity

quadrant

The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into four equal areas called _______.

List the two divisions (or cavities) located in the dorsal cavity.

The cranial and spinal (vertebral cavities)

What does the crown illustrate in Figure 1-5, B?

The crown indicates where the frontal plane divides the body (front and back).

Assume you are in a room that is equipped with a heater and air conditioner. Room temperature must be maintained at 72° F. How does the equipment (heater and air conditioner) work homeostatically to maintain temperature?

The goal is to maintain room temperature at 72° F. An increase in temperature is sensed by the heater and the air conditioner (AC); the heater stops heating and the AC begins to cool the room. A drop in temperature is also sensed by both units; the heater starts to warm the room while the AC stops cooling. These actions are designed to keep room temperature at 72° F (temperature homeostasis). There are many examples in the body that work homeostatically (body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose).

In what quadrant is the right iliac region? The left hypochondriac region? The left iliac region?

The right iliac region is located in the RLQ. The left hypochondriac region is located in the LUQ. The left iliac region is located in the LLQ.

You nervously report that your postsurgical (abdominal incision) patient has eviscerated. What happened?

The viscera (organs) have protruded through the surgical incision out of the cavity that normally contains them.

What view of the body would you see with a transverse cut?

You would see the top and bottom halves of the body.

Cavity

______ are internal spaces.

Viscera

______ refers to organs.

Physiology

_______ Physiology describes the functioning of the body; the stomach delivers partially digested food to the small intestine.

Antecubital space

_______ is the area of the arm anterior to the elbow.

Diagnosis

_______ is the process of ID the nature & cause of a disease/ injury through an analysis of data, such as the pt's symptoms & lab studies.

Biology

_______ is the study of life & living organisms.

Anatomy

_______ is the study of the structure of the body; the stomach is divided in to the fundus, body, and pylorus.

Pathophysiology

_______ studies the improper functioning of the body as in disease; the stomach may ulcerate, causing severe pain.

Homeostasis

________ refers to the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body despite many challenges to upset the balance.

Part of the ventral cavity that is inferior to the diaphragm

abdominopelvic

Front part of the elbow area

antecubital

Armpit

axillary

Pertaining to the cheek

buccal

Cavity that contains the brain but not the spinal cord

cranial

Used to describe farther away from the point of attachment

distal

Fleshy part of the side between the ribs & the hip

flank

Which plane yields one face, two anterior thighs, and one belly button?

frontal (coronal) plane.

Describes the position of the stomach to the diaphragm

inferior

Groin region

inguinal

Opposite of medial; this term means " away from the midline of the body."

lateral

What large organ occupies most of the RUQ?

liver

Lower back area extending from the chest to the hips

lumbar

Space within the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, great vessels, and trachea

mediastinum

The part of the arm bone ( radius) that is closer to the elbow than to the wrist

proximal

Which plane yields the chest, brain, one leg, and one arm?

sagittal plane.

Describes a part that is located on or near the surface of the body

superficial

Anatomical position

the body standing erect, arms by the side, with palms & toes facing forward.

Homeostasis

the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to various internal & external challenges.

List the cavities that are located in the ventral cavity.

thoracic, abdominopelvic, pleural cavities, and mediastinum.

"Toward the front" ( the belly surface); another word is anterior

ventral

Cavity that contains the thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity

ventral

Cavity that contains the spinal cord but not the brain

vertebral