A&P Ch3

How many checkpoints are in the Interphase?

3

How many letters of an RNA molecule, in sequence, does it take to provide the code for a single amino acid?

3

What occurs in checkpoint S

DNA Replication

Place the following structures in order from least to most complex organization: chromatin, nucleosome, DNA, chromosome

DNA, nucleosome, chromatic, chromosome

Why is it important that DNA replication take place before cell division? What would happen if cell division of a body cell took place without DNA replication or when DNA replication was incomplete?

During cell division, one cell divides to produces two new cells. In order for all of the cells in your body to maintain a full genome, each cell must replicate its DNA before it divides so that a full genome can be allotted to each of its offspring cells. If DNA replication did not take place fully or at all, the offspring cells would missing some or all of the genome. Could be disastrous if a cell was missing genes necessary for its function and health.

Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis?

G1

What are the 3 checkpoints in interphase

G1, S, G2

compare and contrast lysosomes with peroxisomes: name at least two similarities and one difference

Peroxisomes and lysosomes are both cellular organelles bound by lipid bilayer membranes, and they both contain many enzymes. However, peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify substances by transferring hydrogen atoms and production H2O2, whereas the enzymes in lysosomes function to break down and digest various unwanted materials.

The Rough ER has its name due to what associated structures?

Ribosomes

What do osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and the movement of ions away from like charge all have in common? In what way do they differ?

These four phenomena are similar in the sense that they describe the movement of substances down a particular type of gradient. Osmosis and diffusion involve the movement of water and other substances down their concentration gradients, respectively. Filtration describes the movement of particles down a pressure gradient, and the movement of ions away from like charges describes their movement down their electrical gradient.

Which of the following is a function of the Rough ER? a) Production of proteins b) detoxification of certain substances c) synthesis of steroid hormones d) regulation of intracellular calcium concentration.

a) production of proteins

ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples or

active transport

which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA? a) DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil b) DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose c) DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars d) RNA is single stranded and DNA is a double stranded

c) DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars

Describe the structure of the cell membrane

composed of bilayer phospholipids

DNA Replication

doubles DNA

What occurs in checkpoint G1 and G2

growth

Which type of stem cell gives rise to red and white blood cells?

hematopoietic

because they are embedded within the membrane, ion channels are example of

integral proteins

Which of the following organelles produces large quantities of ATP when both glucose and oxygen are available to the cell?

mitochondria

What materials can easily diffuse through the liquid bilayer and why?

only materials that are relatively small and nonpolar can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer. Large particles cannot fit in between the individual phospholipids that are packed together, and polar molecules are repelled by the hydrophobic/nonpolar lipids that line the inside of the bilayer.

Describe the function of the cell membrane

provides a protective barrier and controls what materials come in or out of cells

Which of the following structures could be found within the nucleolus?

ribosomes

what is a primary function of tumor suppressor genes?

stop certain cells from dividing

Cytoplasm is to cytosol as a swimming pool containing chlorine and flotation toys is to

the water