Chapter 1 and 5: Biopsycology, Neuroscience and Research Methods
What was the SPAUN project?
- a brain model containing 2.5 million neurons
What type of brain imaging technique uses waves emitted by hydrogen atoms after they are displaced by a magnetic field?
MRI
What is pavlovian conditioning?
a benign stimulus is paired with a stimulus that produces some behavioural outcome, eventually the benign stimulus is able to produce the behavioural outcome
What is stereotaxic surgery?
a procedure in which something is permanently implanted into the brain using a stereotaxic atlas
What two methods are used to measure chemical activity?
autoradiography and cerebral dialysis
Which branch of biopsychology involves the neural basis of cognitive processes (e.g. learning and memory), usually using non-invasive imaging techniques?
cognitive neuroscience
Which branch of biopsychology involves the biology of behaviour by bringing together comparative and functional approaches?
comparative psychology
What type of x-ray imaging technique uses a radio-opaque material that absorbs x-rays less than or more than surrounding tissue, injected into the circulatory system?
contrast x-rays
What type of brain imaging technique is similar to an MRI and uses the behaviour of blood cells in response to a magnetic field?
functional MRI
What are the two main types of inactivation/activation methods?
lesions studies and electrical stimulation
What does MRI stand for?
magnetic resonance imaging
What does MEG stand for?
magnetoencephalography
Which branch of biopsychology involves behavioural effects of brain damage in humans without using direct experimentation?
neuropsychology
Which branch of biopsychology involves direct manipulation of the nervous system in controlled lab settings?
physiological psychology
What type of brain imaging technique is performed by injecting a radioactive substance into neurons and scanning while the subject performs an activity?
positron emission tomography
Which branch of biopsychology involves direct pharmacological manipulation of the nervous system?
psychopharmacology
Which branch of biopsychology involves the relationships between physiological and psychological processes in the human brain using non-invasive techniques?
psychophysiology
What is operant conditioning?
reinforcement and punishment are used to produce a desired behavioural result
What is the name for the process which uses an array of electrodes to measure the electrical activity of neurons in the cortex?
scalp electroencephalography (EEG)
What is biopsychology?
the branch of psychology concerned with its biological and physiological aspects
What is the psychology?
the scientific study of behaviour and the mind
What is neuroscience?
the scientific study of the nervous system
What does TMS stand for?
transcranial magnetic stimulation
What is the function of the TMS?
using a magnetic field to disrupt/produce neuron activity temporarily
What type of x-ray imaging technique uses computer assisted 3D x-ray created from multiple stacked images?
x-ray computed tomography (CT-scan)
What are the "three dimensions" of research in biopsychology?
1. human vs non-human subjects 2. experimental vs non-experimental studies 3. applied vs pure research
What are the six major divisions of biopsycology?
1. physiological psychology 2. psychopharmacology 3. neuropsycology 4. psychophysiology 5. cognitive neuroscience 6. comparative psychology
Who is considered the father of biopsychology?
Donald Hebb
