A&P Chap. 10 Blood Final
Normal whole blood contains ____ g of hemoglobin per 100 mL.
12-18
Blood normally clots in approximately ____.
3 to 6 minutes
Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding ____.
30 percent
Each hemoglobin molecule is able to transport ____ molecules of oxygen.
4 (four)
Place these leukocytes in order from the most common to the least common: 1) basophil 2) eosinophil 3) lymphocyte 4) monocyte 5) neutrophil
5, 3, 4, 2, 1
Normal blood pH falls in a range between ____ to ____.
7.35; 7.45
The ABO blood groups are based on two antigens: antigen ____ and antigen ____.
A; B
The blood type that contains both antigens A and B is ____.
AB
A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) ____.
B, O
Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter?
Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood.
The most common type of blood in the U.S. population is ____.
O
The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is ____.
RhoGAM
White blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain ____.
a nucleus and most organelles
A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ____.
a thrombus
Physiologic jaundice occurring in newborns results from ____.
accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells
The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump is called ____.
agglutination
When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or ____ occurs.
agglutination
An important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is ____.
albumin
Hemolysis most likely will occur when ____.
an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive
A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as ____.
anemia
A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies is the ____.
antigen
Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ____.
antigens
Which type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant?
basophil
Which blood type contains the A antigen only?
blood type A
Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive?
blood type O
Which of these blood types carries no antigens?
blood type O
The ion essential for blood clotting is ____.
calcium
The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostasis is termed ____.
coagulation
Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called ____.
cross matching
The process by which white blood cells travel through the wall of blood vessels is termed ____.
diapedesis
Which formed element is the most abundant in blood?
erythrocyte
The hematocrit is the percentage of ____.
erythrocytes in blood
The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by a hormone known as ____.
erythropoietin
During coagulation, long, hairlike molecules known as ____ form the basis for a clot.
fibrin
Which of the following insoluble fibers forms a mesh network and the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation?
fibrin
White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as ____.
granulocytes
The two major groups of white blood cells are ____.
granulocytes and agranulocytes
The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the ____.
hematocrit
The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs is called ____.
hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ____.
hemophilia
Which of the following is a blood clotting disorder?
hemophilia
The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ____.
hemostasis
The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called ____.
hemostasis
Low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the release of erythropoietin by the ____.
kidneys
Erythrocytes ____.
lack a nucleus and most organelles
In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains ____.
leukocytes and platelets
A total white blood cell count above 11,000 cells/mm3 is a condition known as ____.
leukocytosis
Jordan works in a hematology lab and received a blood report showing 22,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood for a patient. He determines this patient has ____.
leukocytosis
Abnormally low levels of white blood cells causes a condition known as ____.
leukopenia
The organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors is the ____.
liver
Which type of granulocyte produces antibodies?
lymphocytes
Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as a ____.
megakaryocyte
Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells called ____.
megakaryocytes
The most numerous of the white blood cells are the ____.
neutrophils
Which of the following cells are classified as granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the breakdown products of hemoglobin is called ____.
physiologic jaundice
The matrix of blood is called ____.
plasma
The application of a sterile gauze to a cut aids with ____.
platelet plug formation
Life at a high altitude can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as ____.
polycythemia
Which of the following red blood cell disorders may result from life at a higher altitude?
polycythemia
If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh ____.
positive
Where does hematopoiesis produce new red blood cells?
red bone marrow
An immature RBC which contains some endoplasmic reticulum is called a(n) ____.
reticulocyte
Blood is ____.
slightly alkaline
What enzyme joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long molecules of fibrin during coagulation?
thrombin
Why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant?
to inhibit the formation of clots
Treatment of hemophilia often involves ____.
transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor
Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis?
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
The average functional lifespan of an RBC is ____.
100-120 days