A&P Chap 4: Cellular Metabolism

Hydrolysis occurs during digestion breakdown of which of the following nutrients? A. Carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins B. Proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins C. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats D. Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and vitamins

proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

Enzymes are often named after their substrates using the suffix: A. -esa. B. -cala. C. -ase. D. -ive. E. -yme.

-ase

Aerobic reactions yield up to how many molecules of ATP per glucose molecule? A. 2 B. 16 C. 36 D. 38

36

Which of the following is the definition of metabolism? A. The number of calories it takes to run B. The sum of biochemical reactions involved in building up or breaking down molecules C. The length of time to digest and absorb proteins D. A measure of glucose to make calories

The sum of biochemical reactions involved in building up or breaking down molecule

Which of the following is the outcome of oxidative deamination in the liver? A. Ketone bodies B. Ammonia C. Acetyl CoA D. Coenzyme A

ammonia

Formation of larger molecules from smaller ones:

anabolism

When simple sugar molecules make up molecules of glycogen, the process is referred to as: A. Catabolism B. Anabolism C. Metabolism D. Oxidation E. Glycolysis

anabolism

Glycolysis does not require oxygen and is occasionally referred to as the _____ phase.

anaerobic

Formation of lipids from glucose or amino acids:

beta oxidation

The primary function of cellular respiration is to: A. efficiently monitor the energy needs of the tissues B. determine the amount of energy needed by various organs C. break down food molecules and generate ATP D. supply enough vitamins for the body

break down food molecules and generate ATP

In addition to releasing energy, the complete oxidation of glucose produces: A. carbon dioxide and water B. acetyl CoA and fat C. nucleic acid and water D. coenzyme and cofactor

carbon dioxide and water

The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, which releases energy, is called: A. catabolism B. metabolism C. anabolism D. homeostasis

catabolism

The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones:

catabolism

Two bound amino acids form a(n): A. monopeptide B. dipeptide C. polypeptide D. enzyme

dipeptide

The chemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism release ______.

energy

A polypeptide is formed from two amino acids bound together. A. True B. False

false

Cellular respiration releases energy from inorganic compounds. A. True B. False

false

Cellular respiration requires three types of reactions: glycolysis, hydrolysis, and rate-limiting enzymes. A. True B. False

false

The kidneys convert acetyl CoA molecules to ketones. A. True B. False

false

Which of the following is not a source of glucose in the postabsorptive state? A. Glycogenolysis occurring in the liver B. Lipolysis in the liver and adipose tissues C. Glucose absorption from the GI tract D. Cellular protein catabolism E. Glycogenolysis in the hepatic cells

glucose absorption from the GI tract

During digestion, hydrolysis breaks down fats into _____ and fatty acids.

glycerol

Glucose can be obtained from which of the following processes? A. Lipogenesis B. Protein anabolism C. Triglyceride anabolism D. Glycogenolysis

glycogenolysis

The process of splitting glucose through a series of steps that produces two pyruvic acid molecules is referred to as _____.

glycolysis

Oxidation-reduction reactions may involve the loss of: A. hydrogen B. electrons C. oxygen D. electrons and hydrogen

hydrogen

Which of the following is used for an anabolic process? A. Dehydration synthesis B. Hydrolysis C. Oxidation D. Activation energy

hydrolysis

Synthesis of ketone bodies:

ketogenesis

Dividing of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol:

lipogenesis

Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl groups:

lipolysis

The process of breaking down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids is referred to as: A. lipolysis B. lipogenesis C. glycolysis D. glycogenolysis

lipolysis

A polypeptide is formed from _____ amino acids bound into a chain.

many

Which of the following is the outcome of ketosis? A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Glucogenesis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Glycolysis

metabolic acidosis

A process consisting of biochemical changes within the human body is called: A. metabolism. B. anabolism. C. oxidation. D. catabolism. E. glycolysis

metabolism

All chemical reactions that take place in an organism are collectively called: A. catabolism B. metabolism C. hypermetabolism D. anabolism

metabolism

A sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions is called a(n): A. rate-limiting enzyme B. oxidation C. glycolysis D. metabolic pathway

oxidation

The breakdown of amino acids:

oxidative deamination

The process of glycolysis, glucose is broken down to yield: A. ATP, lactic acid, and amino acid B. Lactic acid and amino acid C. ATP and water D. Pyruvic acid and lactic acid E. Glycogen and water

pyruvic acid and lactic acid

Anabolism supplies biochemicals needed for cells to grow and _____ themselves.

repair

The reversible exchange of amino groups between different amino acids:

transamination

Anesthesia gains more hear than the body is able to lose, causing hyperthermia. A. True B. False

true

Cofactors are small molecules or ions that must combine with enzymes for activity. A. True B. False

true

The primary function of carbohydrates is the production of energy inside the cells. A. True B. False

true

The three major phases of glycolysis are sugar activation, sugar cleavage, and sugar oxidation with ATP formation. A. True B. False

true

When glycogen is stored, the liver cells are at their most active states. A. True B. False

true

The Krebs cycle produces _____ molecules per glucose molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation.

two