A&P Chap 4: Cellular Metabolism
Hydrolysis occurs during digestion breakdown of which of the following nutrients? A. Carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins B. Proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins C. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats D. Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and vitamins
proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
Enzymes are often named after their substrates using the suffix: A. -esa. B. -cala. C. -ase. D. -ive. E. -yme.
-ase
Aerobic reactions yield up to how many molecules of ATP per glucose molecule? A. 2 B. 16 C. 36 D. 38
36
Which of the following is the definition of metabolism? A. The number of calories it takes to run B. The sum of biochemical reactions involved in building up or breaking down molecules C. The length of time to digest and absorb proteins D. A measure of glucose to make calories
The sum of biochemical reactions involved in building up or breaking down molecule
Which of the following is the outcome of oxidative deamination in the liver? A. Ketone bodies B. Ammonia C. Acetyl CoA D. Coenzyme A
ammonia
Formation of larger molecules from smaller ones:
anabolism
When simple sugar molecules make up molecules of glycogen, the process is referred to as: A. Catabolism B. Anabolism C. Metabolism D. Oxidation E. Glycolysis
anabolism
Glycolysis does not require oxygen and is occasionally referred to as the _____ phase.
anaerobic
Formation of lipids from glucose or amino acids:
beta oxidation
The primary function of cellular respiration is to: A. efficiently monitor the energy needs of the tissues B. determine the amount of energy needed by various organs C. break down food molecules and generate ATP D. supply enough vitamins for the body
break down food molecules and generate ATP
In addition to releasing energy, the complete oxidation of glucose produces: A. carbon dioxide and water B. acetyl CoA and fat C. nucleic acid and water D. coenzyme and cofactor
carbon dioxide and water
The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, which releases energy, is called: A. catabolism B. metabolism C. anabolism D. homeostasis
catabolism
The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones:
catabolism
Two bound amino acids form a(n): A. monopeptide B. dipeptide C. polypeptide D. enzyme
dipeptide
The chemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism release ______.
energy
A polypeptide is formed from two amino acids bound together. A. True B. False
false
Cellular respiration releases energy from inorganic compounds. A. True B. False
false
Cellular respiration requires three types of reactions: glycolysis, hydrolysis, and rate-limiting enzymes. A. True B. False
false
The kidneys convert acetyl CoA molecules to ketones. A. True B. False
false
Which of the following is not a source of glucose in the postabsorptive state? A. Glycogenolysis occurring in the liver B. Lipolysis in the liver and adipose tissues C. Glucose absorption from the GI tract D. Cellular protein catabolism E. Glycogenolysis in the hepatic cells
glucose absorption from the GI tract
During digestion, hydrolysis breaks down fats into _____ and fatty acids.
glycerol
Glucose can be obtained from which of the following processes? A. Lipogenesis B. Protein anabolism C. Triglyceride anabolism D. Glycogenolysis
glycogenolysis
The process of splitting glucose through a series of steps that produces two pyruvic acid molecules is referred to as _____.
glycolysis
Oxidation-reduction reactions may involve the loss of: A. hydrogen B. electrons C. oxygen D. electrons and hydrogen
hydrogen
Which of the following is used for an anabolic process? A. Dehydration synthesis B. Hydrolysis C. Oxidation D. Activation energy
hydrolysis
Synthesis of ketone bodies:
ketogenesis
Dividing of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol:
lipogenesis
Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl groups:
lipolysis
The process of breaking down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids is referred to as: A. lipolysis B. lipogenesis C. glycolysis D. glycogenolysis
lipolysis
A polypeptide is formed from _____ amino acids bound into a chain.
many
Which of the following is the outcome of ketosis? A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Glucogenesis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Glycolysis
metabolic acidosis
A process consisting of biochemical changes within the human body is called: A. metabolism. B. anabolism. C. oxidation. D. catabolism. E. glycolysis
metabolism
All chemical reactions that take place in an organism are collectively called: A. catabolism B. metabolism C. hypermetabolism D. anabolism
metabolism
A sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions is called a(n): A. rate-limiting enzyme B. oxidation C. glycolysis D. metabolic pathway
oxidation
The breakdown of amino acids:
oxidative deamination
The process of glycolysis, glucose is broken down to yield: A. ATP, lactic acid, and amino acid B. Lactic acid and amino acid C. ATP and water D. Pyruvic acid and lactic acid E. Glycogen and water
pyruvic acid and lactic acid
Anabolism supplies biochemicals needed for cells to grow and _____ themselves.
repair
The reversible exchange of amino groups between different amino acids:
transamination
Anesthesia gains more hear than the body is able to lose, causing hyperthermia. A. True B. False
true
Cofactors are small molecules or ions that must combine with enzymes for activity. A. True B. False
true
The primary function of carbohydrates is the production of energy inside the cells. A. True B. False
true
The three major phases of glycolysis are sugar activation, sugar cleavage, and sugar oxidation with ATP formation. A. True B. False
true
When glycogen is stored, the liver cells are at their most active states. A. True B. False
true
The Krebs cycle produces _____ molecules per glucose molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation.
two