A&P Chapter 11
An increase in parasympathetic activity (primarily by the vagus nerves) causes:
A decrease in both heart rate and cardiac output.
Which one of the following is caused by a decrease in venous return to the heart:
A decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output.
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:
Arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins.
In which of the following blood vessels is blood pressure the highest:
Arteries.
The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves.
Atrioventricular (AV).
The amount of blood being pumped out of the heart at any time is called ________ .
Cardiac output.
The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps or endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________.
Chordae tendineae.
When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed.
Contract.
The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.
Coronary sinus.
The superior vena cava empties:
Deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.
The brachial vein:
Drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein.
Which one of the following blood vessels in the fetus has the highest concentration of oxygen:
Ductus venosus.
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is:
Epicardium.
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.
Epicardium.
The blood vessel that is the immediate inferior continuation of the external iliac artery is the ________.
Femoral artery.
The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.
Foramenovale.
________ are abnormal heart sounds that are fairly common in young children with healthy hearts because their hearts because their heart walls are relatively thin and vibrate with rushing blood.
Heart murmurs.
Cardiac output is the product of ________ and ________.
Heart rate (HR); stroke volume (SR).
The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________.
Hepatic portal vein.
Which of the following reduces heart rate:
High blood pressure.
A systolic blood pressure reading below 100 mm HG is called ________.
Hypotension.
Varicose veins are caused by:
Incompetent venous valves.
A decrease in the elasticity of blood vessels (i.e., increase in rigidity) causes arterial blood pressure to ________.
Increase.
Blood travels to the stomach by the way of the branch of the celiac trunk called the:
Left gastric artery.
When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the:
Left ventricle to the left atrium.
During diastole, the pressure in the heart is ________.
Low.
The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________.
Microcirculation.
The bicuspid valve is also referred to as ________ valve.
Mitral.
The thick layer of the heart wall that contains contractile cardiac muscle tissue is the:
Myocardium.
The carotid artery is located in the:
Neck.
Veins:
Often have valves to prevent the back flow of blood.
The umbilical vein carries:
Oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from depolarization of the atria is the ________.
P Wave.
The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________.
Pacemaker.
Which one of the following vessels receives blood during ventricular systole:
Pulmonary trunk.
Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood:
Pulmonary vein.
The circulation from the heart to the lungs and back is known as ________ circulation.
Pulmonary.
Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point:
Renal artery.
The tricuspid valve is located between the:
Right atrium and right ventricle.
The sinoatrial node is located in the:
Right atrium.
Which area of the heart receives blood from the systemic veins:
Right atrium.
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart:
Sinoartial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.
The term that means heart contraction is ________.
Systole.
Larger veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.
Valves.
The narrowing of blood vessels is known as ________.
Vasoconstriction.
The umbilical cord contains an umbilical ________ that transports oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus.
Vein.
The external iliac vein receives blood from all of the following EXCEPT:
Vertebral vein.
Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?
aortic semilunar valve
Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries?
coronary sinus
Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.
superior vena cava
Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected?
tunica media
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels?
vasoconstriction
During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the
ventricles
Crushing chest pain cause by oxygen deprivation of the myocardium is called ________.
Angina pectoris.
A heart rate of over 100 beats per minute is called:
Tachycardia.
Which one of the following is true concerning the lub-dup of the heart:
The first sound is longer and louder and is caused by the closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves.
Larger blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________.
Arteries.
The two surperior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.
Atria; ventricles.
Which one of the following are the main functions of renin and angiotensin II:
Blood pressure falls- this causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.
Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because:
Blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary.
The pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels is known as ________.
Blood pressure.
Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed.
Blood pressure; osmotic pressure.
The complete circle of connecting vessels in the brain is called the ________.
Circle of Willis or cerebral arterial circle.
What structure divides the left from the right ventricle:
Interventricular septum.
The amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels is known as ________.
Peripheral resistance.
The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called:
Peripheral resistance.
Which of these arteries is NOT a branch of the abdominal aorta:
Left common carotid artery.
The mitral valve is normally closed:
When the ventricle is in systole.
The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the:
Stroke volume.
A heart rate over 100 beats per minute is referred to as ________.
Tachycardia.
Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta:
Both right and left coronary arteries.
The ________ veins join to form the superior vena cava before emptying into the right atrium.
Brachiocephalic.
The vessel that drains blood from all body regions below the diaphragm muscle before emptying into the right atrium is the ________.
Inferior vena cava.
Lack of adequate blood supply to the heart is called ________.
Ischemia.
Which of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch:
Right common carotid artery.
The innermost blood vessel wall that lines the lumen and consists of cells that fit closely together to form a slick surface that decreases friction and allows blood to flow smoothly is the ________.
Tunica intima.
A person with a heart of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of:
4500 mL/minutes
The average heart beats about ________ times per minute.
75.
Which one of the following is the main function of renin and aldosterone:
They are produced whenever blood pressure falls and ultimately cause an increase in blood volume and blood pressure.
The aortic semilunar valve is composed of:
Three cusps and opens when the left ventricle contracts.
Inflammation of varicose veins can result in a clot in that vessel; this condition is referred to as ________.
Thrombophlebitis.
Pulmonary veins:
Transport oxygenated blood to the heart.
The right AV valve is known as the:
Tricuspid valve.
From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
True
Which one is the correct sequence going from the outermost to the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall:
Tunica eterna, tunica media, tunica intima.
Cardiac output is the product of which two variables? heart rate and blood pressure contraction and relaxation blood pressure and peripheral resistance heart rate and stroke volume diastole and systole
heart rate and stroke volume
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.
heart rate to decrease
What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system control on the vascular system?
little to no effect
Carla was born with a ductus arteriosus that did NOT close properly. What organ(s) would be directly affected by this congenital heart defect?
lungs
Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?
osmotic pressure
Generalized vascoconstriction occurs as a result of:
An increase in sympathetic nervous systems firing.
Which of the following are direct branches of the left coronary artery:
Anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries.
Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm:
Aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery.
The pointed tip of the heart that is directed toward the left hip is called the ________.
Apex.
The hormones epinephrine and thyroxine will cause the heart rate to ________.
Increase.
The right and left renal veins empty blood from the:
Inferior vena cava.
The smallest blood vessels known as ________ connect arterioles and venules.
Capillaries.
