A&P Chapter 13 (Section 1)
Diabetes mellitus results in
urine with high osmotic pressure
With age,
levels of GH decrease but of ADH increase.
Growth hormone signals the release of IGF-1 from the
liver
A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a
long half-life.
Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system
may have a longer lasting effect.
The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is
melatonin.
A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________.
molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones
The Edmonton protocol is
a pancreatic islet transplant.
The pineal gland is located
attached to the thalamus
Cortisol
stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates.
A hormone has a half-life of 20 minutes. After an hour, ___ percent of the original number of molecules remains.
12.5
What percentage of T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues?
33
Diabetes insipidus is caused by
ADH deficiency.
Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to
Addison disease.
_________ inhibits secretion of prolactin.
Dopamine from the hypothalamus
Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs?
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Growth hormone signals the release of
IGF-1.
__________ controls hormone concentrations.
Negative feedback
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions
Pancreas
Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
Prolactin
Secretion of insulin causes
a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by
a disorder of the immune system.
Nonsteroid hormones cause _________________ in their target cells.
activation of adenylate cyclase
Addison disease
all of the above
Cushing syndrome
all of the above
Hormones
all of the above
Hormones from the adrenal medulla increase
all of the above
Hyperparathyroidism
all of the above
Steroid hormones
all of the above
Growth hormone
all of the above.
In diabetes mellitus,
all of the above.
Graves disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by
an autoimmune disorder
As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine
and cortisol rise
Target cells for releasing hormones are in the
anterior pituitary gland.
Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete
antidiuretic hormone.
A person who is stressed usually has increased
blood pressure.
The hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is
calcitonin
A nonsteroid hormone acts on a target cell by
causing synthesis of a second messenger.
The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the
concentration of blood calcium.
Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to
conserve sodium and excrete potassium.
. Irving, who is 78 years old, takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. He may be disappointed, because the hormone has been shown only to
decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength.
Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it
decreases the permeability of capillaries.
A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by
directly causing protein synthesis.
Thyroxine
enhances the rate at which proteins are synthesized.
A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _______ gland.
exocrine
87. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activity of bone-resorbing osteoblasts.
false
A tropic hormone prevents endocrine glands from releasing their hormones, thereby maintaining homeostasis.
false
An autocrine secretion affects cells far away.
false
Cells of the adrenal medulla are closely associated with preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
false
Glucagon is also called hypoglycemic factor.
false
Oxytocin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.
false
The nervous system releases hormones at synapses and the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream.
false
The thalamus controls secretion of pituitary hormones
false
One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is
goiter.
Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of
hyperthyroidism.
Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the
hypothalamus.
Cretinism is caused by
hypothyroidism.
Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because this hormone
increases the number of red blood cells
Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has
inhibited secretion of ADH.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from
insensitivity of cells to insulin
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by the
intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.
Endocrine means
internal secretion.
Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks
iodine.
In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, a symptom of hypoparathyroidism is
muscle cramps.
ADH and oxytocin are secreted by
neurosecretory cells.
A type of hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is a
none of the above
All hormones are
organic compounds
Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed
paracrine.
Up-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to
prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.
Down-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to
prolonged increase in the level of a hormone.
The blood concentration of growth hormone
rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence.
Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands
secrete through ducts or tubes to the bodys exterior.
Tropic hormones
stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones.
The specificity of hormone action derives from
target cell receptors that are unique for the hormone type.
An up-regulated cell has an increase in
the number of receptors available for binding.
Pheromones differ from hormones in that
they are transmitted between members of the same species.
The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _______.
thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells
The _______ secretes triiodothyronine.
thyroid gland
A hormone is a secreted molecule that is carried in the bloodstream to where it acts on target cells that bear specific receptors for that hormone.
true
A person under stress may have a lowered resistance to infection.
true
Nonsteroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines.
true
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are amines.
true
Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes, then bind with receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane.
true
The extrafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin.
true
The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are amines.
true
The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens.
true
The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland.
true
Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate
uterine contractions.
Another name for antidiuretic hormone is
vasopressin.