A&P Chapter 13 (Section 1)

Diabetes mellitus results in

urine with high osmotic pressure

With age,

levels of GH decrease but of ADH increase.

Growth hormone signals the release of IGF-1 from the

liver

A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a

long half-life.

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system

may have a longer lasting effect.

The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is

melatonin.

A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________.

molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones

The Edmonton protocol is

a pancreatic islet transplant.

The pineal gland is located

attached to the thalamus

Cortisol

stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates.

A hormone has a half-life of 20 minutes. After an hour, ___ percent of the original number of molecules remains.

12.5

What percentage of T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues?

33

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

ADH deficiency.

Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to

Addison disease.

_________ inhibits secretion of prolactin.

Dopamine from the hypothalamus

Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Growth hormone signals the release of

IGF-1.

__________ controls hormone concentrations.

Negative feedback

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions

Pancreas

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?

Prolactin

Secretion of insulin causes

a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by

a disorder of the immune system.

Nonsteroid hormones cause _________________ in their target cells.

activation of adenylate cyclase

Addison disease

all of the above

Cushing syndrome

all of the above

Hormones

all of the above

Hormones from the adrenal medulla increase

all of the above

Hyperparathyroidism

all of the above

Steroid hormones

all of the above

Growth hormone

all of the above.

In diabetes mellitus,

all of the above.

Graves disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by

an autoimmune disorder

As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine

and cortisol rise

Target cells for releasing hormones are in the

anterior pituitary gland.

Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete

antidiuretic hormone.

A person who is stressed usually has increased

blood pressure.

The hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is

calcitonin

A nonsteroid hormone acts on a target cell by

causing synthesis of a second messenger.

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the

concentration of blood calcium.

Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to

conserve sodium and excrete potassium.

. Irving, who is 78 years old, takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. He may be disappointed, because the hormone has been shown only to

decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength.

Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it

decreases the permeability of capillaries.

A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by

directly causing protein synthesis.

Thyroxine

enhances the rate at which proteins are synthesized.

A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _______ gland.

exocrine

87. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activity of bone-resorbing osteoblasts.

false

A tropic hormone prevents endocrine glands from releasing their hormones, thereby maintaining homeostasis.

false

An autocrine secretion affects cells far away.

false

Cells of the adrenal medulla are closely associated with preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

false

Glucagon is also called hypoglycemic factor.

false

Oxytocin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.

false

The nervous system releases hormones at synapses and the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream.

false

The thalamus controls secretion of pituitary hormones

false

One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is

goiter.

Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of

hyperthyroidism.

Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the

hypothalamus.

Cretinism is caused by

hypothyroidism.

Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because this hormone

increases the number of red blood cells

Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has

inhibited secretion of ADH.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from

insensitivity of cells to insulin

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by the

intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.

Endocrine means

internal secretion.

Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks

iodine.

In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, a symptom of hypoparathyroidism is

muscle cramps.

ADH and oxytocin are secreted by

neurosecretory cells.

A type of hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is a

none of the above

All hormones are

organic compounds

Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed

paracrine.

Up-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to

prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.

Down-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to

prolonged increase in the level of a hormone.

The blood concentration of growth hormone

rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence.

Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands

secrete through ducts or tubes to the bodys exterior.

Tropic hormones

stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

The specificity of hormone action derives from

target cell receptors that are unique for the hormone type.

An up-regulated cell has an increase in

the number of receptors available for binding.

Pheromones differ from hormones in that

they are transmitted between members of the same species.

The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _______.

thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells

The _______ secretes triiodothyronine.

thyroid gland

A hormone is a secreted molecule that is carried in the bloodstream to where it acts on target cells that bear specific receptors for that hormone.

true

A person under stress may have a lowered resistance to infection.

true

Nonsteroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines.

true

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are amines.

true

Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes, then bind with receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane.

true

The extrafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin.

true

The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are amines.

true

The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens.

true

The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland.

true

Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate

uterine contractions.

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is

vasopressin.