A&P Chapter 14

Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from

blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

The medulla oblongata regulates

blood pressure and respiration.

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the

brain stem.

If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? A) control of blood pressure B) coordination C) judgment D) breathing E) sleep patterns

breathing

Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "10."

central canal

The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the

cerebellar cortex.

When you perform a physical activity that you have not done in a while, such as riding a bike, which area of your brain coordinates your movements with learned experiences?

cerebellum

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the

cerebellum.

Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "3."

cerebral aqueduct

In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid.

choroid plexus

The ________ are the four masses on the posterior of the midbrain.

corpora quadrigemina

The white structure that connects the cerebral hemispheres is the

corpus callosum.

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? A) cerebellum B) pons C) diencephalon D) mesencephalon E) medulla oblongata

diencephalon

Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "7."

dura mater

The dural venous sinuses are located in the

dural folds.

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

falx cerebri.

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the

fourth.

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

glossopharyngeal and vagus

The rounded elevations of the cerebrum that increase its surface area are called

gyri.

Use Figure 14-2 to answer the following questions: What is the function of the nerve labeled "4"?

hearing and balance

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?

hearing and balance

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

hypoglossal

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

hypothalamus.

The lateral ventricles are found

in the cerebral hemispheres.

The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. Which nuclei accomplish this?

inferior colliculi

This structure of the medulla oblongata relays information from the red nuclei, midbrain, and the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum.

inferior olivary complex

Commissural fibers

interconnect and allow communication between cerebral hemispheres.

The passageway between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle is the

interventricular foramen.

The system that functions in tying together emotions, motivation and memory is the

limbic system.

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are

lobes.

Cardiovascular centers located in the ________ adjust the heart rate, the strength of cardiac contractions, and the flow of blood through the peripheral tissues.

medulla oblongata

The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the

midbrain.

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become

more complex.

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the

occipital lobe.

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.

oculomotor

The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is

olfaction.

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the

olfactory bulb.

The cerebral lobe posterior to the central sulcus is the

parietal lobe.

The dural sinuses form between which two layers of the cranial dura mater?

periosteal and meningeal layers

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain?

pia mater

The basal nuclei

provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking.

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

smell his food.

Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "6."

subarachnoid space

Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the

substantia nigra.

The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the

superior and inferior colliculi.

To return CSF to circulation, arachnoid granulations extend into the

superior sagittal sinus.

The olfactory cortex is located in the

temporal lobe.

The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex.

thalamus

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalamus.

Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "4."

4th ventricle

Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions: CSF is absorbed into the venous circulation via arachnoid granulations. Identify an arachnoid granulation.

8

Which of the following is true about the cerebral cortex? A) It is a superficial layer of white matter. B) It is a deep layer of white matter. C) It is a deep layer of gray matter. D) It is a superficial layer of gray matter. E) It is a deep layer of both white and gray matter.

It is a superficial layer of gray matter.

Which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland? A) It controls heart rate and blood pressure. B) It is part of the limbic system. C) It is part of the hypothalamus and secretes oxytocin. D) It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin. E) It is part of the thalamus.

It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin.

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain?

The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.

Use Figure 14-2 to answer the following questions: Identify the nerve labeled "3."

abducens

A patient suffers an inability to shrug their shoulders. The nerve most likely to be damaged is the

accessory.

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the

arachnoid granulations.

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the

arbor vitae.

Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?

trigeminal

Use Figure 14-2 to answer the following questions: Identify the nerve labeled "11."

trigeminal

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

trigeminal.

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called

ventricles.

Which cranial nerve sends balance sensations to the brain?

vestibulocochlear

The hypothalamus produces which two hormones?

ADH and oxytocin