A&P - Chapters 19 and 20

in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction

55 mmHg

If someone's blood pressure were listed as 110/65 mmHg, then their mean arterial pressure (MAP) would be

80 mmHg

Which statement best describes arteries?

All carry blood away from the heart

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. What other changes in the flow of the blood occur?

Blood flow to coronary vessels increases, and flow to abdominal organs decreases

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

Four

Which vessel carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

Hepatic veins

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has blood poor in oxygen in its arteries?

Pulmonary circuit

Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?

Right atrium & ventricle

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

Systemic circuit

Which portion of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?

Systemic veins

The heart valves

allow the passage of blood in one direction

The plateau phase of an action potential

allows cardiac muscle cells to contract and then relax without locking up

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

The ________ carry blood away from the heart.

arteries

The pulmonary trunk receives blood from the right ventricle and conducts it toward the lung. The pulmonary trunk is a(n)...

artery

The earlike extension of the atrium is called the

auricle

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery.

axillary

The bicuspid or mitral valve is found

between the left atrium and left ventricle

The pulmonary trunk carries

blood poor in oxygen from the right ventricle toward the lungs

After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery.

brachial

The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein.

brachial

The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the

brachiocephalic artery

The influx of which ion below accounts for the plateau phase?

calcium

During the action potential of an SA nodal cell, the phase of repolarization is characterized by

calcium channels close and potassium channels open

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ________ and the tissues of the body.

capillaries

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

capillaries

Valves in veins

cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction

The first heart sound represents which part of the cardiac cycle?

closing of the atrial ventricular valves

The second heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle?

closing of the semilunar valves

The function of an atrium is to

collect blood then pump it to the ventricle

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the

common iliac arteries

The most common type of blood capillary is the ________.

continuous capillary

Resistance is a force that

decreases blood flow

Vagal tone refers to the

decreasing of the heart rate below its inherent rhythm by parasympathetic stimulation

During the plateau phase of a cardiac muscle cell's action potential, the membrane stays

depolarized as potassium leaves and calcium enters

Blood flow is

directly related to the pressure gradient but inversely related to the resistance

The largest arteries of the body are known as

elastic arteries

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

epicardium

The blood vessels that supply the lower limbs are the

external iliac arteries

When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ________ vein.

femoral

Systolic blood pressure is recorded

in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction

The atrioventricular valves allow blood flow

in one direction only

Excitation of the vasomotor center results in

increased sympathetic activity and predominantly more vasoconstriction than vasodilation

Peripheral resistance ________.

increases as blood viscosity increases

The fibers in the cardiac muscle have cell-to-cell contacts. They are known as

intercalated discs

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

internal carotid

The respiratory pump aids blood movement within the veins of the trunk, because as a person inhale,

intra-abdominal pressure increases and intrathoracic pressure decreases

The posterior interventricular sulcus

is a groove between the ventricles on the posterior region of the heart

A portal system

is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is used for ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected?

isovolumetric contraction

The AV node delay is important because

it allows time for the atria to contract

Blood moves into and then out of a heart chamber because

it moves along its pressure gradient, and that gradient depends on contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle

The popliteal artery supplies the

knee joint

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium

The myocardium is the thickest in the ___________.

left ventricle

Radley drank too much water before running a race. His blood is very watery and you would think that his blood would have

low viscosity and therefore have low resistance

The function of the serous fluid within the pericardial cavity is to

lubricate membranes of the pericardium

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is an area occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea. This area is called the

mediastinum

The cardiac centers are located in which area of the brain?

medulla oblongata

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.

muscular arteries

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

myocardium

The opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by

pressure changes of alternating contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle

Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.

pulmonary

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following structures except the

pulmonary veins

Which carries blood rich in oxygen from the lungs to the heart?

pulmonary veins

As blood is pumped out of the heart and into the major arteries leaving the heart, it

pushes against the semilunar valves and opens them

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

right and left lungs

Which chamber first receives blood from the systemic circuit?

right atrium

The velocity of blood flow is ________.

slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

The artery that arises from the descending aorta and is immediately inferior to the celiac trunk is the ________ artery.

superior mesenteric

The blood vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

superior vena cava

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is known as

systole

The pulse pressure is ________.

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the

tendinous cords (chordae tendineae)

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

the coronary arteries

The internal wall surface of each ventricle has large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges known as

trabeculae carneae

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart?

tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

The ________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a layer of areolar connective tissue.

tunica intima

In the arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is

tunica media

The ________ is composed of layers of smooth muscle cells.

tunica media

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries.

ulnar

When physical exertion has ended and the body is at rest, veins demonstrate

vasodilation so that they function as blood reservoirs

The large blood vessels that return blood to the heart are known as

veins

The pericardial cavity is located in between the

visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium