A&P II Chapter 27 & 28 Lab
__________ extend inward from the periphery of the seminiferous tubule and provide nourishment to the spermatids as they begin their transformation into sperm.
Sustentocytes
What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in terms of meiosis?
The number of functional gametes produced is different.
Which of these is true regarding primary oocytes?
They contain chromosomal tetrads.
A sudden release of luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitary triggers ovulation.
True
Cleavage is a series of mitotic divisions without any intervening growth periods and results in a multicellular embryonic body.
True
The __________ of the sperm contains enzymes involved in the penetration of the egg.
acrosome
What part(s) of the breast produce(s) milk?
alveoli
The __________ encases the young embryonic body in a fluid-filled chamber that acts to protect the developing embryo against trauma.
amnion
Which of these is the innermost (closest) structure that envelops the embryo?
amnion
Which structure is highlighted? antrum primary follicle corpus luteum vesicular (mature) follicle
antrum
Which of these would be included in the female peritoneum but NOT the urogenital triangle?
anus
All of the following conditions occurring in the left lower abdominal region could be misdiagnosed as endometriosis EXCEPT for __________.
appendicitis
What is the pigmented ring of skin surrounding the nipple?
areola
Which structure is highlighted? basal lamina areolar connective tissue basement membrane basal layer of epithelium
basement membrane
The __________ implants in the uterine wall.
blastocyst
Which of the following implants in the mucosa of the endometrium?
blastocyst
Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted? fundus cervix vagina body
body
Which of these does NOT empty materials into the area of the prostatic urethra?
bulbo-urethral gland
Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted? vagina ovary clitoris cervix
cervix
The __________ is/are homologous to the penis.
clitoris
Which structure(s) of the female's external genitalia has/have erectile tissue?
clitoris
Which structure is highlighted? connective tissue septa corpus albicans theca lutein cells granulosa lutein cells
connective tissue septa
Which structure is highlighted? theca interna corona radiata zona pellucida granulosa cells
corona radiata
Which structures are highlighted? prepuce corpora cavernosa corpus spongiosum spongy urethra
corpora cavernosa
The __________ is a solid glandular structure with a scalloped lumen that develops from a ruptured follicle.
corpus luteum
What ovarian structure forms at the beginning of the secretory phase, encouraging its progress, and then degenerates just before menses?
corpus luteum
Which structure is highlighted? corpus albicans corpus luteum antrum vesicular follicle
corpus luteum
Which structure is highlighted? corpus spongiosum glans penis prostatic urethra prostate
corpus spongiosum
Which structure is highlighted? endometrium antrum cortex medulla
cortex
Which structure is highlighted? epididymis seminal vesicle ductus deferens testis
ductus deferens
Which of these cells would contain 23 unpaired chromosomes?
early spermatids
The __________ gives rise to the epidermis of the skin and the nervous system.
ectoderm
The __________, the thick mucosal lining of the uterus, has a superficial layer that sloughs off periodically.
endometrium
After sperm are produced, they enter the first part of the duct system, the __________.
epididymis
Which hormones secreted by the ovary induce development of the highlighted layer during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? estrogen follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) progesterone
estrogen
What muscle is responsible for voluntary release of urine from the highlighted organ into the urethra? external urethral sphincter internal urethral sphincter trigone muscle detrusor muscle
external urethral sphincter
The uniting of the egg and sperm nuclei is known as __________.
fertilization
By the ninth week of development, the embryo is referred to as a __________.
fetus
Within each ovary, the immature ovum develops in a saclike structure called a __________.
follicle
The end product of meiosis is __________.
four haploid daughter cells
Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted? vagina fundus body cervix
fundus
Which structure is highlighted? corpus spongiosum glans penis tunica albuginea corpus cavernosum
glans penis
The essential organs of reproduction are the __________, which produce the sex cells.
gonads
Which structure is highlighted? zona pellucida theca interna granulosa cells corona radiata
granulosa cells
Which structure is highlighted? theca lutein cells granulosa lutein cells granulosa cells connective tissue septa
granulosa lutein cells
Which structure is highlighted? fibroblast nuclei heads of sperm red blood cells tails of sperm
heads of sperm
Which of the following represents the correct pathway of the egg after leaving the ovary and entering the uterine tube?
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus
The mammary glands are classified as being part of which of the following systems?
integumentary system
The __________ produce testosterone, the hormonal product of the testis.
interstitial endocrine cells
Which of these structures directly encloses the vestibule?
labia minora
Which structures are highlighted? vestibular bulbs corpora cavernosa labia majora labia minora
labia minora
The __________ phase of the female cycle occurs from days 1-5 and is signaled by the sloughing off of the thick functional layer of the endometrium.
menstrual
During what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed?
menstrual phase
What peritoneum-associated cell is thought to develop into endometrial tissue, causing endometriosis?
mesothelium
Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle?
myometrium
A developing egg is ejected from the ovary at the appropriate stage of maturity in an event known as __________.
ovulation
What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase?
ovulation
If a male undergoes a vasectomy, which of the following can no longer take place?
passage of sperm cells from the epididymis to the penis
Together, what do the decidua basalis and the chorionic villi form?
placenta
Which portion of the penis is removed during circumcision?
prepuce (foreskin)
As the primordial follicle grows and its epithelium changes from squamous to cuboidal cells, it becomes a(n) __________ and begins to produce estrogens.
primary follicle
Which structure is highlighted? primordial follicle primary follicle oocyte secondary follicle
primary follicle
The endocrine products of the ovaries are estrogen and __________.
progesterone
What hormone would cause mucus secreted by the highlighted structure to be thicker and stickier? estrogen luteinizing hormone follicle stimulating hormone progesterone
progesterone
Which hormone is secreted by the highlighted cells? follicle stimulating hormone estrogen progesterone prolactin
progesterone
Which condition, other than BPH, would you expect to cause a rise in the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA)?
prostatitis
Which structure is highlighted? right ovary right ovarian ligaments right uterine tube right round ligaments
right uterine tube
Which structure is highlighted? round ligament broad ligament ovarian ligament uterine tube
round ligament
The paired oval testes lie in the __________ outside the abdominopelvic cavity, where they are kept slightly cooler than body temperature.
scrotum
Which structure is highlighted? epididymis scrotum testis penis
scrotum
Which structure is highlighted? secondary follicle primordial follicle primary follicle atretic follicle
secondary follicle
Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?
secondary oocyte
The prostate, seminal glands, and bulbo-urethral glands produce __________, the liquid medium in which sperm leaves the body.
seminal fluid
Which structure is highlighted? primary spermatocytes sperm spermatogonia spermatids
sperm
Which structure is highlighted? spermatogonia sustentacular cell nuclei spermatids primary spermatocytes
spermatogonia
Which of the following is the final product of spermiogenesis?
spermatozoa
Which structure is highlighted? ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra membranous urethra spongy urethra
spongy urethra
What type of epithelium lines the highlighted structure? stratified squamous pseudostratified columnar transitional simple columnar
stratified squamous
Which structure is highlighted? sustentacular cell nuclei interstitial cells primary spermatocyte spermatids
sustentacular cell nuclei
Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored until they are ejaculated?
tail of the epididymis
Which structure is highlighted? collagen fibers elastic fibers tails of sperm heads of sperm
tails of sperm
Which of the following is/are contained within the spermatic cord?
testicular arteries and veins
Which organ is highlighted? epididymis testis spermatic cord scrotum
testis
A grouping of four chromatids, known as a __________, occurs only during __________.
tetrad; meiosis
As a result of gastrulation, a __________-layered embryo forms, with each layer corresponding to a primary germ layer.
three
What is a function of the highlighted structure? to produce hormones that will assist with oocyte development to sweep a released ovum into the uterine tube to provide a site of implantation for a fertilized egg to help regulate the temperature of the ovaries
to sweep a released ovum into the uterine tube
Which structure in the testis is highlighted? tunica vaginalis tunica albuginea adventitia cortex
tunica albuginea
Which structure is highlighted? scrotum internal spermatic fascia tunica albuginea tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
Which of the following cells remains at the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells?
type A daughter cells
What urinary tract structure does an enlarged prostate usually compress, making urination difficult in an individual suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
urethra
Which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm cells and urine?
urethra
Which organ is highlighted? rectum urinary bladder ovary uterus
urinary bladder
What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?
uterine (fallopian) tube
The __________ is a pear-shaped organ that houses the embryo or fetus during its development.
uterus
The fertilized egg, or __________, appears as a single cell surrounded by a fertilization membrane and a jellylike membrane.
zygote
A morula has approximately 16 cells. What is the rate of mitotic division that takes place between the 4-cell stage and the morula?
12 hours per cell division
Human gametes contain __________ chromosomes.
23
The 4-cell stage occurs 2 days after fertilization. How much time passes between the 4-cell stage and implantation?
5 days
The placenta is composed solely of embryonic membranes.
False
What happens to a sperm as it passes through the highlighted structure? It remains immature and immobile. It becomes mobile and capable of fertilization. It divides, producing new sperm. It fertilizes any eggs.
It becomes mobile and capable of fertilization.