A&P II Chapter 27 & 28 Lab

__________ extend inward from the periphery of the seminiferous tubule and provide nourishment to the spermatids as they begin their transformation into sperm.

Sustentocytes

What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in terms of meiosis?

The number of functional gametes produced is different.

Which of these is true regarding primary oocytes?

They contain chromosomal tetrads.

A sudden release of luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitary triggers ovulation.

True

Cleavage is a series of mitotic divisions without any intervening growth periods and results in a multicellular embryonic body.

True

The __________ of the sperm contains enzymes involved in the penetration of the egg.

acrosome

What part(s) of the breast produce(s) milk?

alveoli

The __________ encases the young embryonic body in a fluid-filled chamber that acts to protect the developing embryo against trauma.

amnion

Which of these is the innermost (closest) structure that envelops the embryo?

amnion

Which structure is highlighted? antrum primary follicle corpus luteum vesicular (mature) follicle

antrum

Which of these would be included in the female peritoneum but NOT the urogenital triangle?

anus

All of the following conditions occurring in the left lower abdominal region could be misdiagnosed as endometriosis EXCEPT for __________.

appendicitis

What is the pigmented ring of skin surrounding the nipple?

areola

Which structure is highlighted? basal lamina areolar connective tissue basement membrane basal layer of epithelium

basement membrane

The __________ implants in the uterine wall.

blastocyst

Which of the following implants in the mucosa of the endometrium?

blastocyst

Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted? fundus cervix vagina body

body

Which of these does NOT empty materials into the area of the prostatic urethra?

bulbo-urethral gland

Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted? vagina ovary clitoris cervix

cervix

The __________ is/are homologous to the penis.

clitoris

Which structure(s) of the female's external genitalia has/have erectile tissue?

clitoris

Which structure is highlighted? connective tissue septa corpus albicans theca lutein cells granulosa lutein cells

connective tissue septa

Which structure is highlighted? theca interna corona radiata zona pellucida granulosa cells

corona radiata

Which structures are highlighted? prepuce corpora cavernosa corpus spongiosum spongy urethra

corpora cavernosa

The __________ is a solid glandular structure with a scalloped lumen that develops from a ruptured follicle.

corpus luteum

What ovarian structure forms at the beginning of the secretory phase, encouraging its progress, and then degenerates just before menses?

corpus luteum

Which structure is highlighted? corpus albicans corpus luteum antrum vesicular follicle

corpus luteum

Which structure is highlighted? corpus spongiosum glans penis prostatic urethra prostate

corpus spongiosum

Which structure is highlighted? endometrium antrum cortex medulla

cortex

Which structure is highlighted? epididymis seminal vesicle ductus deferens testis

ductus deferens

Which of these cells would contain 23 unpaired chromosomes?

early spermatids

The __________ gives rise to the epidermis of the skin and the nervous system.

ectoderm

The __________, the thick mucosal lining of the uterus, has a superficial layer that sloughs off periodically.

endometrium

After sperm are produced, they enter the first part of the duct system, the __________.

epididymis

Which hormones secreted by the ovary induce development of the highlighted layer during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? estrogen follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) progesterone

estrogen

What muscle is responsible for voluntary release of urine from the highlighted organ into the urethra? external urethral sphincter internal urethral sphincter trigone muscle detrusor muscle

external urethral sphincter

The uniting of the egg and sperm nuclei is known as __________.

fertilization

By the ninth week of development, the embryo is referred to as a __________.

fetus

Within each ovary, the immature ovum develops in a saclike structure called a __________.

follicle

The end product of meiosis is __________.

four haploid daughter cells

Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted? vagina fundus body cervix

fundus

Which structure is highlighted? corpus spongiosum glans penis tunica albuginea corpus cavernosum

glans penis

The essential organs of reproduction are the __________, which produce the sex cells.

gonads

Which structure is highlighted? zona pellucida theca interna granulosa cells corona radiata

granulosa cells

Which structure is highlighted? theca lutein cells granulosa lutein cells granulosa cells connective tissue septa

granulosa lutein cells

Which structure is highlighted? fibroblast nuclei heads of sperm red blood cells tails of sperm

heads of sperm

Which of the following represents the correct pathway of the egg after leaving the ovary and entering the uterine tube?

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus

The mammary glands are classified as being part of which of the following systems?

integumentary system

The __________ produce testosterone, the hormonal product of the testis.

interstitial endocrine cells

Which of these structures directly encloses the vestibule?

labia minora

Which structures are highlighted? vestibular bulbs corpora cavernosa labia majora labia minora

labia minora

The __________ phase of the female cycle occurs from days 1-5 and is signaled by the sloughing off of the thick functional layer of the endometrium.

menstrual

During what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed?

menstrual phase

What peritoneum-associated cell is thought to develop into endometrial tissue, causing endometriosis?

mesothelium

Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle?

myometrium

A developing egg is ejected from the ovary at the appropriate stage of maturity in an event known as __________.

ovulation

What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase?

ovulation

If a male undergoes a vasectomy, which of the following can no longer take place?

passage of sperm cells from the epididymis to the penis

Together, what do the decidua basalis and the chorionic villi form?

placenta

Which portion of the penis is removed during circumcision?

prepuce (foreskin)

As the primordial follicle grows and its epithelium changes from squamous to cuboidal cells, it becomes a(n) __________ and begins to produce estrogens.

primary follicle

Which structure is highlighted? primordial follicle primary follicle oocyte secondary follicle

primary follicle

The endocrine products of the ovaries are estrogen and __________.

progesterone

What hormone would cause mucus secreted by the highlighted structure to be thicker and stickier? estrogen luteinizing hormone follicle stimulating hormone progesterone

progesterone

Which hormone is secreted by the highlighted cells? follicle stimulating hormone estrogen progesterone prolactin

progesterone

Which condition, other than BPH, would you expect to cause a rise in the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA)?

prostatitis

Which structure is highlighted? right ovary right ovarian ligaments right uterine tube right round ligaments

right uterine tube

Which structure is highlighted? round ligament broad ligament ovarian ligament uterine tube

round ligament

The paired oval testes lie in the __________ outside the abdominopelvic cavity, where they are kept slightly cooler than body temperature.

scrotum

Which structure is highlighted? epididymis scrotum testis penis

scrotum

Which structure is highlighted? secondary follicle primordial follicle primary follicle atretic follicle

secondary follicle

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?

secondary oocyte

The prostate, seminal glands, and bulbo-urethral glands produce __________, the liquid medium in which sperm leaves the body.

seminal fluid

Which structure is highlighted? primary spermatocytes sperm spermatogonia spermatids

sperm

Which structure is highlighted? spermatogonia sustentacular cell nuclei spermatids primary spermatocytes

spermatogonia

Which of the following is the final product of spermiogenesis?

spermatozoa

Which structure is highlighted? ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra membranous urethra spongy urethra

spongy urethra

What type of epithelium lines the highlighted structure? stratified squamous pseudostratified columnar transitional simple columnar

stratified squamous

Which structure is highlighted? sustentacular cell nuclei interstitial cells primary spermatocyte spermatids

sustentacular cell nuclei

Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored until they are ejaculated?

tail of the epididymis

Which structure is highlighted? collagen fibers elastic fibers tails of sperm heads of sperm

tails of sperm

Which of the following is/are contained within the spermatic cord?

testicular arteries and veins

Which organ is highlighted? epididymis testis spermatic cord scrotum

testis

A grouping of four chromatids, known as a __________, occurs only during __________.

tetrad; meiosis

As a result of gastrulation, a __________-layered embryo forms, with each layer corresponding to a primary germ layer.

three

What is a function of the highlighted structure? to produce hormones that will assist with oocyte development to sweep a released ovum into the uterine tube to provide a site of implantation for a fertilized egg to help regulate the temperature of the ovaries

to sweep a released ovum into the uterine tube

Which structure in the testis is highlighted? tunica vaginalis tunica albuginea adventitia cortex

tunica albuginea

Which structure is highlighted? scrotum internal spermatic fascia tunica albuginea tunica vaginalis

tunica albuginea

Which of the following cells remains at the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells?

type A daughter cells

What urinary tract structure does an enlarged prostate usually compress, making urination difficult in an individual suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

urethra

Which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm cells and urine?

urethra

Which organ is highlighted? rectum urinary bladder ovary uterus

urinary bladder

What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?

uterine (fallopian) tube

The __________ is a pear-shaped organ that houses the embryo or fetus during its development.

uterus

The fertilized egg, or __________, appears as a single cell surrounded by a fertilization membrane and a jellylike membrane.

zygote

A morula has approximately 16 cells. What is the rate of mitotic division that takes place between the 4-cell stage and the morula?

12 hours per cell division

Human gametes contain __________ chromosomes.

23

The 4-cell stage occurs 2 days after fertilization. How much time passes between the 4-cell stage and implantation?

5 days

The placenta is composed solely of embryonic membranes.

False

What happens to a sperm as it passes through the highlighted structure? It remains immature and immobile. It becomes mobile and capable of fertilization. It divides, producing new sperm. It fertilizes any eggs.

It becomes mobile and capable of fertilization.