[A&P II] Exam #2 -- Practice Test

26) What is the correct flow of lymph? 1-lymphatic capillaries 2-interstitial fluid 3-lymph nodes 4-lymphatic vessels a. 2,1,4,3 b. 1,2,3,4 c. 3,2,4,1 d. 4,3,1,2

a. 2,1,4,3

13) What is the term given to a union of vessels supplying blood to the same body tissue? a. Anastomosis b. Sphincter c. Sinusoids d. Starling forces

a. Anastomosis

30) Which of the following is false regarding the primary lymphatic organs? a. Are where most immune responses occur. b. The thymus is a primary lymphatic organ. c. The red bone marrow is a primary lymphatic organ. d. The site where stem cells become immunocompetent. e. All of the above are true.

a. Are where most immune responses occur. (-occur throughout the body)

60) What part of the respiratory tract is responsible for triggering the cough reflex? a. Carina b. Chyle c. Cisternae Chyli d. Primary Bronchi e. Trachea

a. Carina

64) Which of the following laws state that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the percentage of that gas in the total mixture a. Dalton's law b. Henry's law c. Boyle's law d. None of the above

a. Dalton's law

73) Which of the following does not occur during inspiration? a. Diaphragm muscles relax b. External intercostals raise ribs, expanding thorax c. Lung volume increases d. Lung pressure decreases e. Air rushes in (high to low pressure)

a. Diaphragm muscles relax

21) What is the term for movement of fluid and solutes from blood capillaries to interstitial fluid? a. Filtration b. Absorption c. Reabsorption d. Osmotic pressure

a. Filtration

39) Which defensive protein will cause vasodilation of tissues during the first stage of the inflammatory response? a. Histamine b. Kinins c. Prostoglandins d. Leukotrienes

a. Histamine

14) If a drop of blood is traveling from the left femoral vein to the left external iliac vein, what is its next destination? a. Left common iliac vein b. Left lumbar vein c. Inferior vena cava d. Left internal iliac vein

a. Left common iliac vein

48) There is a virus floating around in your body. One cell picks it up and presents it to a cytotoxic T cell. This cell is using a specific molecule allowing presenting its non-self antigen on its surface. What kind of molecule is it using? a. MHC I b. MHC II c. Prostaglandins d. Histamine e. All of the above

a. MHC I

65) During External respiration __________ is entering the blood and __________ is leaving the blood. a. Oxygen, Carbon dioxide b. Carbon dioxide, Oxygen c. Oxygen, Oxygen d. Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide e. Oxygen, Nitrogen

a. Oxygen, Carbon dioxide

47) Which cells are responsible for making antibodies? a. Plasma cells b. B cells c. APC's d. None of the above

a. Plasma cells

56) If air is traveling through your trachea what is its very next destination? a. Primary bronchi b. Larynx c. Bronchioles d. Alveoli

a. Primary bronchi

68) What type of muscle tissue is lined with mucous membranes and found in the pharynx? a. Skeletal b. Cardiac c. Smooth d. All of the above

a. Skeletal

27) What is the last structure(s) that lymph will flow through? a. Subclavian veins b. Cisterna chyle c. Right lymphatic duct d. Thoracic duct

a. Subclavian veins

50) The process in which a lymphocyte proliferates and differentiates in response to a specific antigen is called? a. Plasma cell proliferation b. Clonal Selection c. Maturation d. Presentation e. None of the above

b. Clonal Selection

67) In what anatomical part would air in the primary bronchi be considered? a. Respiratory zone b. Conducting zone c. Breathing zone d. Expiration zone

b. Conducting zone

8) What would cause a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? a. Polycythemia. b. Decreased body size. c. Increased blood viscosity. d. Increased total blood vessel length. e. Vasoconstriction.

b. Decreased body size. (lessened vessel length makes it easier)

70) Which of the following is not a cartilage found in the larynx? a. Cricoid b. Elastic c. Corniculate d. Arytenoid e. Thyroid

b. Elastic

42) Antigens can have multiple antigenic determinants that each are capable of producing an immune response. What are these called? a. Atopic b. Epitopes c. Prostiglandins d. None of the above

b. Epitopes

29) What controls your fever? a. Spleen b. Hypothalamus c. Thymus d. Phagocytes

b. Hypothalamus

33) The spleen a. Has white pulp that function in erythrocyte destruction. b. Is the largest lymphatic organ. c. Is a primary lymphatic organ. d. Is a site where B and T cells become immunocompetent. e. Has red pulp that contains many lymphocytes.

b. Is the largest lymphatic organ.

40) What is found in antigen-presenting cells? a. MHC class I b. MHC class II c. MHC class III d. A and B e. All of the above

b. MHC class II

3) Which is not matched up with a general characteristic? a. Elastic Arteries-> Their recoil from stretching during ventricular systole will help with blood movement. b. Muscular Arteries->Contain a large amount of cardiac muscle in their tunica media. c. Arterioles-> Have the largest influence on overall blood pressure. d. Veins-> Have much thinner walls compared to arteries. e. Metarteriole-> contains a precapillary sphincter that regulates blood flow into a capillary bed.

b. Muscular Arteries->Contain a large amount of cardiac muscle in their tunica media.

51) Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells by the release of what cytolysis-causing molecule? a. Granulysin b. Perforin c. Inhibin d. Interleukin e. None of the above

b. Perforin

61) When breathing, where is the first location gas exchange can occur? a. Alveolar ducts b. Respiratory bronchioles c. Terminal bronchioles d. Alveolar sacs e. Tertiary Bronchi

b. Respiratory bronchioles

59) Which cartilage is responsible for creating the "Adam's apple?" a. Epiglottis b. Thyroid cartilage c. Cricoid cartilage d. Arytenoid

b. Thyroid cartilage

66) Which of the following is NOT true about ventilation a. Ventilation is the movement or air in the lungs b. Ventilation = respiration c. Respiration is gas exchange in the tissues. d. B and C e. None of the above are true

b. Ventilation = respiration

25) Lymphatic capillaries a. Are bidirectional. b. Will carry lymph into lymphatic vessels. c. Cannot contain chyle. d. None of the above

b. Will carry lymph into lymphatic vessels.

53) There have recently been reports of a "polio-like" disease becoming an epidemic. Just to be safe, Jeremy asked for and received a vaccine for polio to prevent contraction. What kind of immunity has Jeremy acquired? a. Natural active b. Natural passive c. Artificial active d. Artificial passive e. None of the above

c. Artificial active

10) What endocrine response would not increase blood pressure and volume? a. Renin release from the kidney. b. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release. c. Atrial Naturetic Peptide (ANP) release. d. All of the above would increase blood pressure and volume.

c. Atrial Naturetic Peptide (ANP) release. (decreases pressure and volume)

46) Cell X is responsible for directly attacking invading pathogens in adaptive immunity. What is cell X? a. CD4 cell b. MHC I c. CD8 cells d. MHC II e. Plasma cells

c. CD8 cells

71) Which surface of the lung touches your ribs? a. Mediastinal b. Diaphragmnatic c. Costal d. Base

c. Costal

57) What type of tissue is the epiglottis made up of? a. Smooth muscle b. Hyaline Cartilage c. Elastic Cartilage d. Skeletal muscle e. Skeletal Cartilage

c. Elastic Cartilage

43) What type of cells are CD4's? a. Cytotoxic T cells b. B cells c. Helper T cells d. Memory cells

c. Helper T cells

58) Doctor Jones is looking at Shannon's throat with a laparoscopic camera. This is due to the fact that Shannon is having trouble breathing and Dr. Jones is trying to insert the respiration tube without putting it through her esophagus. If the camera is passing through the oropharynx right now where would the camera reach next? a. Trachea b. Nasopharynx c. Laryngopharynx d. Larynx e. None of the above are correct

c. Laryngopharynx

23) Which of the following lead to an increase in blood pressure? a. Vasodilation b. Decrease in viscosity c. Longer vessel length d. All of the above

c. Longer vessel length

41) Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity? a. Present at birth b. Non-specific c. Memory d. Non-adaptive e. All are components

c. Memory

62) When babies are premature they often have issues releasing a specific substance that leads to a collapse of their tiny alveoli. What substance are the babies lacking? a. Mucus b. Water c. Surfactant d. Mucociliary blanket e. None of the above

c. Surfactant (made by type II alveolar cells)

49) Which of the following are NOT true about MHC molecules a. They vary from individual to individual b. They are responsible to flag cells to tell self from non-self c. They allow all organ transplants to be successful d. They are coded by a group of genes called the major histocompatibility complex e. All of the above are true

c. They allow all organ transplants to be successful

52) What portion of an antibody is used to bind to an antigen? a. Heavy Chain b. Light Chain c. Variable region d. Disulfide bonds e. Stem

c. Variable region

15) What is the name given to pooling blood due to leaking venous valves? a. Anastomosis b. Precapillary sphincters c. Varicose veins d. Venous return

c. Varicose veins

20) If blood is traveling through an artery to an arteriole, what will it go through before it reaches the capillary bed? a. Metarteriole b. Precapillary sphincter c. Venules d. A and B e. All of the above

d. A and B

16) What factors aid in venous return? a. Skeletal muscle pump b. Respiratory pump (breathing) c. Pressure in venous valves d. All of the above

d. All of the above

44) What types of cells do CD8's attack? a. Cells infected with a virus b. Tumor cells c. Tissue transplanted cells d. All of the above

d. All of the above

9) Which of the following is false regarding the receptors that detect changes in blood composition and pressure? a. We have baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch. b. We have chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and aortic bodies. c. Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors send information to the cardiovascular center in the brain. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

4) What is the benefit of forming an anastomosis? a. Prevents collateral circulation. b. Act as nozzles to regulate the amount of blood that enters capillaries. c. Prevent backflow of blood in arteries. d. Allows for an alternative route of blood to an organ if a blood vessel becomes blocked. e. Increase the rate of diffusion of nutrients and gases.

d. Allows for an alternative route of blood to an organ if a blood vessel becomes blocked.

72) External respiration is gas exchange between ______________ and ______________. a. Inhalation; exhalation b. Blood; tissues c. Tissues; pulmonary capillary d. Alveoli; pulmonary capillary

d. Alveoli; pulmonary capillary

24) Which of the following hormones will NOT have an affect on regulating blood pressure? a. ADH b. Aldosterone c. Epinephrine d. FSH e. ANP

d. FSH

12) Shock that is caused by a decreased blood volume is a. Vascular shock b. Obstructive shock c. Cardiogenic shock d. Hypovolemic shock

d. Hypovolemic shock

37) Which of the following would not occur during the inflammatory response? a. Increased blood flow. b. Increased capillary permeability. c. Activation of the complement system. d. Inactivation of phagocytes. e. Redness, pain, increased temperature, and swelling of the area damaged.

d. Inactivation of phagocytes.

34) The innate immune system a. Is acquired throughout a person's lifetime. b. Is specific for certain pathogens. c. Uses T cells d. None of the above.

d. None of the above.

32) Lymph nodes a. Only contain B cells. b. Only contain T cells. c. Destroys lymph. d. Obtain lymph through afferent vessels. e. Are primary lymphatic organs.

d. Obtain lymph through afferent vessels.

55) Erica has an upper respiratory tract infection. What areas in Erica's body are effected? a. Nose b. Larynx c. Pharynx d. Only A and C e. All of the above

d. Only A and C

19) Lymph from which of the following structures will travel through the right lymphatic duct to return to the cardiovascular system? a. Left foot b. Right foot c. Left hand d. Right hand e. Right knee

d. Right hand

69) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the regions of the pharynx? a. The nasopharynx contains an opening for internal nares, auditory tubes, and oropharynx. b. The oropharynx contains the palatine and lingual tonsils. c. The laryngopharynx is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. d. The nasopharynx allows for passage of food only.

d. The nasopharynx allows for passage of food only.

63) All is true about conducting airways except... a. They branch from the trachea b. The include the primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi c. They are responsible for the movement of air d. They are responsible for some gas exchange e. All of the above are true

d. They are responsible for some gas exchange

38) Which type of antimicrobial protein inhibits bacterial growth? a. Natural killer cells. b. Complement systems c. Phagocytes d. Transferrins e. Interferons

d. Transferrins

6) Which of the following is true regarding veins? a. Lack valves. b. Are under greater pressures than arteries. c. Have large amounts of muscle and elastic tissue. d. Utilize skeletal and respiratory pumps to return blood back to the heart. e. None of the above are true.

d. Utilize skeletal and respiratory pumps to return blood back to the heart.

2) Which statement(s) is/are true regarding the 3 layers that make blood vessels? a. The tunica media is the dynamic portion of the vessel that will dilate and constrict. b. The tunica intera is composed of one layer of endothelium. c. The tunica externa anchors the blood vessel through elastic and collagen fibers. d. A and B e. A, B, and C

e. A, B, and C

22) Which of the following are factors that influence blood pressure? a. Systemic resistance b. Blood volume c. Cardiac output d. A and B e. All of the above

e. All of the above

54) As you age, what happens to the thymus gland? a. It atrophies b. It is replaced with adipose tissue c. It decreases helper T populations d. Only A and C e. All of the above

e. All of the above

18) Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? a. Facilitates immune responses. b. Transports dietary lipids. c. Drains interstitial fluid. d. Absorbs dietary lipids through lacteals e. All of the above are functions of the lymphatic system

e. All of the above are functions of the lymphatic system

5) Which is not matched up with a general characteristic? a. Capillaries Composed of a single layer of endothelial cells with a basement membrane. b. Continuous Capillaries Except at intercellular clefts, do not contain holes. c. Fenestrated Capillaries Found in the kidneys, small intestine, and endocrine glands. d. Sinusoid Capillaries Allow very large molecules to get through (e.g. RBCs). e. All of the above are matched with their general characteristics.

e. All of the above are matched with their general characteristics.

1) Which of the following is false regarding blood vessels? a. They are dynamic structures. b. Part of the cardiovascular system. c. Capillaries are the site of gas and nutrient exchange. d. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. e. All of the above are true.

e. All of the above are true.

11) Which of the following is false regarding a person's pulse? a. It is the result of expansion and recoil of elastic arteries after systole. b. Typically the same as the heart rate. c. Becomes weaker in vessels far from the heart. d. Commonly checked in the common carotid or radial artery. e. All of the above are true.

e. All of the above are true.

45) Which of the following are the link between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system? a. Antibodies b. Helper T cells c. B cells d. Antigen presenting cells e. CD4 cells

e. CD4 cells

31) Which of the following is false regarding the thymus? a. Has immature T cells in its outer cortex. b. Contains dendritic cells and specialized epithelial cells that perform positive selection on T cells. c. Has immunocompetent cells in its inner medulla. d. Located in the mediastinum. e. Grows in size with age.

e. Grows in size with age. (Atrophies (gets smaller) with age)

35) Which of the following inhibit viral replication? a. Natural killer cells. b. Complement systems c. Phagocytes d. Transferrins e. Interferons.

e. Interferons.

17) What term is not matched with a proper example/location? a. Elastic Artery-> Aorta b. Muscular Artery-> Brachial Artery c. Muscular Artery-> Radial Artery d. Collateral Circulation-> Found in the ascending colon e. Sinusoid Capillaries-> Found in kidneys-liver and spleen

e. Sinusoid Capillaries-> Found in kidneys-liver and spleen

7) Which of the following contains the greatest percentage of total blood volume? a. Heart. b. Pulmonary vessels. c. Systemic arteries and arterioles. d. Systemic capillaries. e. Systemic veins and venules.

e. Systemic veins and venules.

36) Which of the following is false regarding phagocytes? a. Neutrophils and macrophages are both phagocytes. b. They're a part of the innate immune system. c. They rely on chemotaxis to locate microbes. d. They digest microbes with the use of lysosomes. e. They phagocytize organisms with a specific antigen.

e. They phagocytize organisms with a specific antigen.

28) Which of the following organs does not serve as a part of the lymphatic system immune response? a. Thymus b. Lymph nodes c. Spleen d. Red bone marrow e. Thyroid

e. Thyroid