A&P midterm exam
If the field diameter of the high-powered objective is 0.5 mm, what is the field diameter of this objective in µm?
500 μm
How long does bone repair generally take?
6-8 weeks
What does cyanosis signify?
A person has oxygen-starved skin.
Why is articular cartilage necessary for long bones?
Articular cartilage allows bones to rub together with reduced friction at joints.
Having examined a cheek cell under a microscope, you can confidently state: A. The cells have long processes like axons and dendrites. B. The cells are large, flat, and appear to have 4-5 sides. C. The cells are full of distinct fibers. D. The cells are dimpled and flat in their centers.
B. The cells are large, flat, and appear to have 4-5 sides.
What outer ring of fibrocartilage protects the inner substance of an intervertebral disc and joins the vertebrae together?
B. anulus fibrosis
Thick skin:
Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Has five layers of keratinocytes
As total magnification increases, the working distance
Decrease
What statement best describes dense regular collagenous connective tissue?
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments
Which gland is located across most of the body and is responsible for body thermoregulation?
Eccrine
Identify the structure labeled "a."
Epidermis
Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________.
Excretion of metablic waste
Which letter points to a lysosome?
G
Despite the strength of the dermis, it is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?
Generally permanent stretch marks, or striae, appear.
Which organelle would receive proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Golgi aparatus
Maury fell from a ladder and broke his calcaneus. What body region sustained damage?
Heel
If you decrease the total magnification, the depth of the field ________.
Increases
What protein makes stratified epithelial tissues tough and resistant to friction?
Keratin
Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by the chromosomes lining up along the equator of the cell?
Metaphase
Which serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity and covers only the lung?
Pleura
Which two organ systems are both involved in reproduction?
Reproductive and endocrine system
Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?
Secondary active transport occurs when one substance is coupled with the passive transport of a second substance
Damage to the cribriform plate would most likely affect the sense of?
Smell
Which statement regarding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is FALSE?
The SER manufactures proteins for export from the cell
How would the removal of hydroxyapatite crystals from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?
The bone would be more flexible.
Why are "henna tattoos" of the epidermis not permanent like other tattoos?
The epidermis is continually renewing its keratinocytes of sloughing off the old cells.
Which statement it TRUE?
The ribs are superficial to the lungs
If an epithelial tissue is stratified, then:
There are multiple layers of cells
Which is a characteristic of neuron cells?
They transmit electrical impulses between/to other structures.
Melanin is produced upon exposure to:
UV radiation
Which of the following does NOT correctly describe water?
Water has a low heat capacity
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called
anatomy
In anatomical position, the palm is oriented ________.
anterior
Identify structure labeled "g."
apocrine gland
Which of the following is the same among isotopes of the same element?
atomic number
What part of a neuron conducts electrical signals away from the cell body?
axon
Bone, or osseous, tissue provides protection for our vital organs since the inorganic ground substance is:
calcium phosphate crystals
What canals connect lacunae together?
canaliculi
Which cell type is packed with actin and myosin?
cardiac muscle cell
What forms the basis for the body's steroids?
cholesterol
What does the H in the pH scale represent?
concentration of H+ ions in a solution
The heart is ________ to the rib bones.
deep
Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the:
diaphysis
Which two organ systems include the pancreas as a component?
digestive and endocrine systems
Which of the following is the strongest bond?
double covalent
What part of a feedback loop causes physiological responses to return the variable to the normal homeostatic range?
effector
Which component of the feedback mechanism produces a response in the human body?
effector
A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium through a process called:
endocytosis
Which of the following processes are functionally opposite to one another?
endocytosis and exocytosis
Which biological catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction?
enzyme
Tommy fell and skinned his knee. The scrape did not bleed. He must have only damaged the:
epidermis
Which of the following is NOT a type of depression in a bone?
foramen
What is NOT located on the distal epiphysis of the humerus?
greater tubercle
Subcutaneous injections involve administration of medicine into the:
hypodermis
When you go outside on a hot summer day, your body temperature heats up above the normal range. Receptors in your brain detect the change in body temperature. The brain activates nerve cells that send messages to sweat glands, causing the body temperature to fall as the sweat evaporates from the skin. What part of this feedback loop is the stimulus
increased body temperature
The term diploë refers to the:
internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Resting membrane potential is due to unequal concentrations of:
ions
What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components?
lysosome
The monomer of the carbohydrates is:
monosaccharide
What is a gradient?
more of something exists in one area than another and the two areas are connected
What type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside of the body?
mucous membrane
Which organ system produces movement and generates heat?
muscular system
The nail body covers the:
nail bed
If you have 3 threads lying on top of each other on a slide and you are focused on the top-most slide, then ________.
neither the middle nor the bottom-most thread will be in clear focus
Which tissue type is responsible for emitting electrical impulses?
nervous
What type of compound is NOT likely to dissolve in water?
nonpolar covalent compound
Yuri is working with a chemical in lab. This chemical is composed of repetitive units that include a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar known as ribose. He is working with:
nucleic acid
Within the nucleus, where does ribosome assembly occur?
nucleolus
Where does transcription of DNA into RNA occur?
nucleus
Which of the following is a more complex structure than a tissue?
organ
Which of the following is the most complex structural level of organization?
organ level
Bone resorption requires the activity of:
osteoclasts
Cells found associated with connective tissue proper that ingest foreign substances, microorganisms, and dead and damaged cells are:
phagocytes
It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.
physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy
A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is:
polyunsaturated
Which region is only visible on the posterior/dorsal body surface?
popliteal
A tissue is more likely to heal by regeneration if it:
possesses stem cells
Which bone marking provides a site where bones articulate or to which ligaments and tendons attach?
projection
The thigh is ____ to the knee.
proximal
What part of the radius articulates with the humerus?
radial head
Active transport processes:
require cells to expend energy (ATP)
Which tissue contains only ONE of the protein fibers associated with connective tissue?
reticular connective tissue
The lymphatic system ________.
returns excess interstitial fluid back to the blood stream
The "b" marks the _______
revolving nosepiece
Frequent handwashing removes the antimicrobial secretions of:
sebaceous glands
A patient is diagnosed with mesothelioma. This cancer affects the:
serous membranes
A callus may develop when both thin and thick skin are subjected to repeated pressure. Which layer of the epidermis develops the callus?
stratum corneum
Which tarsal bones of the foot are proximally situated?
talus, calcaneus, navicular
Skin without keratin would be more likely to:
tear upon being mechanically stressed
During osmosis, water moves toward:
the highest solute concentration
What are the two primary curvatures seen in the vertebral column of a fetus?
thoracic and sacral
Branching "ribs" of bone present in spongy bone are known as:
trabeculae
Which of the following are NOT components of an osteon?
trabeculae
Which description best fits the definition of an organ?
two or more tissues working for a common function
Which of the following is the inner part of a serous membrane that covers the lungs?
visceral pleura
Which of the following is an unpaired facial bone?
vomer & mandible
Which survival need accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body weight?
water
Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?
zone of proliferation