A&P midterm exam

If the field diameter of the high-powered objective is 0.5 mm, what is the field diameter of this objective in µm?

500 μm

How long does bone repair generally take?

6-8 weeks

What does cyanosis signify?

A person has oxygen-starved skin.

Why is articular cartilage necessary for long bones?

Articular cartilage allows bones to rub together with reduced friction at joints.

Having examined a cheek cell under a microscope, you can confidently state: A. The cells have long processes like axons and dendrites. B. The cells are large, flat, and appear to have 4-5 sides. C. The cells are full of distinct fibers. D. The cells are dimpled and flat in their centers.

B. The cells are large, flat, and appear to have 4-5 sides.

What outer ring of fibrocartilage protects the inner substance of an intervertebral disc and joins the vertebrae together?

B. anulus fibrosis

Thick skin:

Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Has five layers of keratinocytes

As total magnification increases, the working distance

Decrease

What statement best describes dense regular collagenous connective tissue?

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments

Which gland is located across most of the body and is responsible for body thermoregulation?

Eccrine

Identify the structure labeled "a."

Epidermis

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________.

Excretion of metablic waste

Which letter points to a lysosome?

G

Despite the strength of the dermis, it is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?

Generally permanent stretch marks, or striae, appear.

Which organelle would receive proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi aparatus

Maury fell from a ladder and broke his calcaneus. What body region sustained damage?

Heel

If you decrease the total magnification, the depth of the field ________.

Increases

What protein makes stratified epithelial tissues tough and resistant to friction?

Keratin

Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by the chromosomes lining up along the equator of the cell?

Metaphase

Which serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity and covers only the lung?

Pleura

Which two organ systems are both involved in reproduction?

Reproductive and endocrine system

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Secondary active transport occurs when one substance is coupled with the passive transport of a second substance

Damage to the cribriform plate would most likely affect the sense of?

Smell

Which statement regarding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is FALSE?

The SER manufactures proteins for export from the cell

How would the removal of hydroxyapatite crystals from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

The bone would be more flexible.

Why are "henna tattoos" of the epidermis not permanent like other tattoos?

The epidermis is continually renewing its keratinocytes of sloughing off the old cells.

Which statement it TRUE?

The ribs are superficial to the lungs

If an epithelial tissue is stratified, then:

There are multiple layers of cells

Which is a characteristic of neuron cells?

They transmit electrical impulses between/to other structures.

Melanin is produced upon exposure to:

UV radiation

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe water?

Water has a low heat capacity

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called

anatomy

In anatomical position, the palm is oriented ________.

anterior

Identify structure labeled "g."

apocrine gland

Which of the following is the same among isotopes of the same element?

atomic number

What part of a neuron conducts electrical signals away from the cell body?

axon

Bone, or osseous, tissue provides protection for our vital organs since the inorganic ground substance is:

calcium phosphate crystals

What canals connect lacunae together?

canaliculi

Which cell type is packed with actin and myosin?

cardiac muscle cell

What forms the basis for the body's steroids?

cholesterol

What does the H in the pH scale represent?

concentration of H+ ions in a solution

The heart is ________ to the rib bones.

deep

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the:

diaphysis

Which two organ systems include the pancreas as a component?

digestive and endocrine systems

Which of the following is the strongest bond?

double covalent

What part of a feedback loop causes physiological responses to return the variable to the normal homeostatic range?

effector

Which component of the feedback mechanism produces a response in the human body?

effector

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium through a process called:

endocytosis

Which of the following processes are functionally opposite to one another?

endocytosis and exocytosis

Which biological catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction?

enzyme

Tommy fell and skinned his knee. The scrape did not bleed. He must have only damaged the:

epidermis

Which of the following is NOT a type of depression in a bone?

foramen

What is NOT located on the distal epiphysis of the humerus?

greater tubercle

Subcutaneous injections involve administration of medicine into the:

hypodermis

When you go outside on a hot summer day, your body temperature heats up above the normal range. Receptors in your brain detect the change in body temperature. The brain activates nerve cells that send messages to sweat glands, causing the body temperature to fall as the sweat evaporates from the skin. What part of this feedback loop is the stimulus

increased body temperature

The term diploë refers to the:

internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Resting membrane potential is due to unequal concentrations of:

ions

What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components?

lysosome

The monomer of the carbohydrates is:

monosaccharide

What is a gradient?

more of something exists in one area than another and the two areas are connected

What type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside of the body?

mucous membrane

Which organ system produces movement and generates heat?

muscular system

The nail body covers the:

nail bed

If you have 3 threads lying on top of each other on a slide and you are focused on the top-most slide, then ________.

neither the middle nor the bottom-most thread will be in clear focus

Which tissue type is responsible for emitting electrical impulses?

nervous

What type of compound is NOT likely to dissolve in water?

nonpolar covalent compound

Yuri is working with a chemical in lab. This chemical is composed of repetitive units that include a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar known as ribose. He is working with:

nucleic acid

Within the nucleus, where does ribosome assembly occur?

nucleolus

Where does transcription of DNA into RNA occur?

nucleus

Which of the following is a more complex structure than a tissue?

organ

Which of the following is the most complex structural level of organization?

organ level

Bone resorption requires the activity of:

osteoclasts

Cells found associated with connective tissue proper that ingest foreign substances, microorganisms, and dead and damaged cells are:

phagocytes

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is:

polyunsaturated

Which region is only visible on the posterior/dorsal body surface?

popliteal

A tissue is more likely to heal by regeneration if it:

possesses stem cells

Which bone marking provides a site where bones articulate or to which ligaments and tendons attach?

projection

The thigh is ____ to the knee.

proximal

What part of the radius articulates with the humerus?

radial head

Active transport processes:

require cells to expend energy (ATP)

Which tissue contains only ONE of the protein fibers associated with connective tissue?

reticular connective tissue

The lymphatic system ________.

returns excess interstitial fluid back to the blood stream

The "b" marks the _______

revolving nosepiece

Frequent handwashing removes the antimicrobial secretions of:

sebaceous glands

A patient is diagnosed with mesothelioma. This cancer affects the:

serous membranes

A callus may develop when both thin and thick skin are subjected to repeated pressure. Which layer of the epidermis develops the callus?

stratum corneum

Which tarsal bones of the foot are proximally situated?

talus, calcaneus, navicular

Skin without keratin would be more likely to:

tear upon being mechanically stressed

During osmosis, water moves toward:

the highest solute concentration

What are the two primary curvatures seen in the vertebral column of a fetus?

thoracic and sacral

Branching "ribs" of bone present in spongy bone are known as:

trabeculae

Which of the following are NOT components of an osteon?

trabeculae

Which description best fits the definition of an organ?

two or more tissues working for a common function

Which of the following is the inner part of a serous membrane that covers the lungs?

visceral pleura

Which of the following is an unpaired facial bone?

vomer & mandible

Which survival need accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body weight?

water

Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?

zone of proliferation