A&P Module 3 Chapter 7

Periosteum

The connective tissue surrounding the external surface of a bone is called the

Epiphysis

What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called?

growth and healing

What is the function of the osteogenic layer of the periosteum?

Lacunae

What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides called?

Medullary cavity

What is the hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone called?

Articular cartilage

What is the hyaline cartilage found covering the ends of bones within a joint called?

diploe

What is the term for the bone tissue located between the two layers of compact bone in the skull?

long

What shape is the humerus?

Endosteum and periosteum

Where do you find osteogenic cells?

perichondrium

Cartilage is surrounded by a fibrous layer called a_____

Walls between lacunae break down and chondrocytes die. Osteoblasts begin secreting bone matrix.

In a growth plate, which of the following describes the zone of bone deposition?

Epiphyseal line

In adults, what is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate called?

compact

Bone tissue made up of parallel osteons that are tightly packed together is called_____ bone.

short

Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as_____ bones.

irregular bones

Bones such as the vertebrae are classified as bones.

long

Bones that are longer than they are wide are classified as bones.

interstitial

Partial older osteons can be found between complete newer osteons. These partial osteons are referred to as____ lamella

The transitional area between the diaphysis and epiphysis

What is the metaphysis of a long bone?

Haversian canal Central canal

What is the name for a channel that extends longitudinally through the center of an osteon?

calcium phosphate

Which is part of the inorganic matter that makes up the matrix of bone?

Endosteum

Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?

flat

the bones of the cranium are examples of ______bones.

Osteogenic

cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called:

epiphyseal

he structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the ____ plate

haversian

Another term for a central canal is a(n) ______canal.

hyaline cartilage

Articular surfaces of long bones are covered with which tissue?

true

Compact bone comprises most of the diaphysis of a long bone.

canaliculi

In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae are called__

Zone of cell proliferation

In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?

lamellae

Lacunae are located between concentric rings of compact bone tissue called what?

in the limbs

Most long bones are found ______.

true

Once "closed" or ossified, growth in length no longer occurs at an epiphyseal plate.

electrolyte balance

One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain _______ balance.

bones

Osseous tissue is a connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up organs called

osteocalcin

Osteoblasts secrete the hormone ______.

strain

Osteocytes act as ______sensors to adjust bone shape and density to adapt to stress.

shaft

Secondary ossification centers usually appear where in long bones?

Osetolysis

The action carried out by osteoclasts is ______.

osteon

The basic structural unit of compact bone is the ______.

Intramembranous

The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification?

osetoblasts

The cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called _____.

spongy bone

The central space at the ends of long bones is occupied by ______.

concentric

The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called ______ lamellae.

diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone is called the

flat

Thin curved bones are called ___

osetocytes

What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?

Endochondral and intramembranous

What are the two principle forms of ossification that occur in the development of the skeletal system?

To provide a passageway between the lacunae

What is the purpose of the canaliculi in compact bone?

epiphyseal plate

Where does a long bone grow in length?

hyaline cartilage

Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification?

Diaphysis

Where is the primary ossification center during endochondral ossification in a long bone?

Nutrient foramen

Which allows the passage of blood vessels into a bone?

A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone

Which best describes osseous tissue?

Osteoblasts

Which bone cells produce the organic bone matrix?

Perforating canals

Which channels run perpendicular to the central canals of osteons?

Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?

Minerals are deposited between the columns of lacunae.

Which of the following describes the zone of calcification in an epiphyseal plate?

Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls.

Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate?

compact

Which osseous tissue is found at the surface of all bones?

compact

Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?

interstitial

Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?

Zone of bone deposition

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the closest to the marrow cavity?

spongy

____ bone is always enclosed by more durable compact bone.