A&P Module 3 Chapter 7
Periosteum
The connective tissue surrounding the external surface of a bone is called the
Epiphysis
What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called?
growth and healing
What is the function of the osteogenic layer of the periosteum?
Lacunae
What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides called?
Medullary cavity
What is the hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone called?
Articular cartilage
What is the hyaline cartilage found covering the ends of bones within a joint called?
diploe
What is the term for the bone tissue located between the two layers of compact bone in the skull?
long
What shape is the humerus?
Endosteum and periosteum
Where do you find osteogenic cells?
perichondrium
Cartilage is surrounded by a fibrous layer called a_____
Walls between lacunae break down and chondrocytes die. Osteoblasts begin secreting bone matrix.
In a growth plate, which of the following describes the zone of bone deposition?
Epiphyseal line
In adults, what is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate called?
compact
Bone tissue made up of parallel osteons that are tightly packed together is called_____ bone.
short
Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as_____ bones.
irregular bones
Bones such as the vertebrae are classified as bones.
long
Bones that are longer than they are wide are classified as bones.
interstitial
Partial older osteons can be found between complete newer osteons. These partial osteons are referred to as____ lamella
The transitional area between the diaphysis and epiphysis
What is the metaphysis of a long bone?
Haversian canal Central canal
What is the name for a channel that extends longitudinally through the center of an osteon?
calcium phosphate
Which is part of the inorganic matter that makes up the matrix of bone?
Endosteum
Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?
flat
the bones of the cranium are examples of ______bones.
Osteogenic
cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called:
epiphyseal
he structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the ____ plate
haversian
Another term for a central canal is a(n) ______canal.
hyaline cartilage
Articular surfaces of long bones are covered with which tissue?
true
Compact bone comprises most of the diaphysis of a long bone.
canaliculi
In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae are called__
Zone of cell proliferation
In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?
lamellae
Lacunae are located between concentric rings of compact bone tissue called what?
in the limbs
Most long bones are found ______.
true
Once "closed" or ossified, growth in length no longer occurs at an epiphyseal plate.
electrolyte balance
One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain _______ balance.
bones
Osseous tissue is a connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up organs called
osteocalcin
Osteoblasts secrete the hormone ______.
strain
Osteocytes act as ______sensors to adjust bone shape and density to adapt to stress.
shaft
Secondary ossification centers usually appear where in long bones?
Osetolysis
The action carried out by osteoclasts is ______.
osteon
The basic structural unit of compact bone is the ______.
Intramembranous
The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification?
osetoblasts
The cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called _____.
spongy bone
The central space at the ends of long bones is occupied by ______.
concentric
The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called ______ lamellae.
diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone is called the
flat
Thin curved bones are called ___
osetocytes
What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?
Endochondral and intramembranous
What are the two principle forms of ossification that occur in the development of the skeletal system?
To provide a passageway between the lacunae
What is the purpose of the canaliculi in compact bone?
epiphyseal plate
Where does a long bone grow in length?
hyaline cartilage
Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification?
Diaphysis
Where is the primary ossification center during endochondral ossification in a long bone?
Nutrient foramen
Which allows the passage of blood vessels into a bone?
A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone
Which best describes osseous tissue?
Osteoblasts
Which bone cells produce the organic bone matrix?
Perforating canals
Which channels run perpendicular to the central canals of osteons?
Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes
Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?
Minerals are deposited between the columns of lacunae.
Which of the following describes the zone of calcification in an epiphyseal plate?
Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls.
Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate?
compact
Which osseous tissue is found at the surface of all bones?
compact
Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?
interstitial
Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?
Zone of bone deposition
Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the closest to the marrow cavity?
spongy
____ bone is always enclosed by more durable compact bone.