A&P Nervous Study Guide

5. There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves. A. 10; 30 B. 31; 12 C. 12; 31 D. 30; 10 E. 12; 32

12;31

The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following? A. the diaphragm B. intercostal muscles C. muscles of the arm and forearm D. muscles of the lower limb E. abdominal muscles

msucles of the arm and forearm

The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are A. unipolar. B. bipolar. C. multipolar. D. pseudopolar. E. None of these choices is correct.

multipolar

If you cut bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths in the PNS, you cut A. ganglia. B. nuclei. C. nerves. D. gray matter. E. nerve tracts.

nerves

Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called A. internodes. B. tight junctions. C. neurofilaments. D. nodes of Ranvier. E. gap junctions.

nodes of Ranvier

Adduction of the thigh involves the ____________. A. peroneal nerve. B. femoral nerve. C. obturator nerve. D. pudendal nerve. E. tibial nerve.

obturator nervfe

An action potential A. occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level. B. propagates across the plasma membrane in a decremental fashion. C. has no repolarization phase. D. is an example of negative feedback. E. cannot transmit information.

occuras when the local potential reaches threshold level

Ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid) of the left eye would be caused by damage to the A. facial nerve. B. abducens nerve. C. trochlear nerve. D. oculomotor nerve. E. optic nerve.

oculomotor nerve

A fracture of the cribriform plate might injure the _____ cranial nerve? A. glossopharyngeal B. trigeminal C. olfactory D. facial E. optic

olfactory

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder in which myelin sheaths in the CNS are destroyed. Which of the following neuroglial cells is being damaged in multiple sclerosis? A. astrocyte B. microglial cell C. oligodendrocyte D. ependymal cell E. Schwann cells

oligodnedrocyte

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains A. only sensory fibers. B. only motor fibers. C. only afferent fibers. D. both sensory and motor fibers. E. a ganglion

only motor fibers

When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the A. neuron dies. B. neuron regenerates. C. cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane. D. original polarity of the neuron is restored. E. neuron is no longer excitable.

original polarity of the neuron is restored

Digestion of food is regulated by the A. sensory division. B. sympathetic division of the ANS. C. parasympathetic division of the ANS. D. somatic nervous system. E. None of these choices is correct.

parasymphathetic division of the ANS

Which of the following feelings is not related to hypothalamic function? A. fear of the unknown B. sexual pleasure C. feeling satiated after a meal D. pleasant memories E. road rage

pleasant memories

Neurotransmitters are released from the A. epineurium. B. synaptic cleft. C. presynaptic terminal. D. postsynaptic membrane. E. calcium channels.

presynaptic terminal

Injury to the thalamus would A. cause us to stop breathing. B. affect body temperature regulation. C. probably overload the cerebrum with sensory information. D. prevent puberty. E. affect pH regulation.

probably overload the cerebrum with sensory information

Unilateral damage to a cranial nerve is suspected because the tongue deviates to the right when it is protruded. Which cranial nerve is damaged? A. right hypoglossal B. left hypoglossal C. right glossopharyngeal D. left glossopharyngeal E. left facial

right hypoglossal

. Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to about S4 form the A. lumbar plexus. B. femoral plexus. C. sacral plexus. D. pelvic plexus. E. brachial plexus.

sacral plexus

If an animal has had its cerebrum removed, it cannot A. see. B. live. C. breathe. D. regulate body temperature. E. regulate heart rate.

see

The knee-jerk reflex involves which of the following? A. sensory and motor neurons B. sensory, association and motor neurons C. sensory, motor and inhibitory interneurons D. sensory and association neurons E. the brain

sensory and motor neurons

A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a(n) A. motor neuron. B. sensory or afferent neuron. C. efferent neuron. D. association neuron. E. interneuron.

sensory or afferent neurons

Put the following parts of a reflex arc in the correct order beginning with the sensory receptor. 1) motor neuron 2) interneuron 3) effector 4) sensory neuron 5) sensory receptor A. 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 C. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 D. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 E. 5, 4, 2, 1, 3

sensory receptor, sensory neuron,interneuron,motor neuron, effector

Depolarization of the nerve cell membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of A. potassium ions. B. chloride ions. C. calcium ions. D. sodium ions. E. proteins.

sodium ions

A stimulus that results in a local potential that does not reach threshold is called a A. threshold stimulus. B. maximal stimulus. C. subthreshold stimulus. D. supramaximal stimulus. E. local stimulus.

subthreshold stimulus

The junction between two neurons is a A. ganglia. B. synapse. C. fascicle. D. node of Ranvier. E. neuromuscular junction.

synapse

The lateral fissure separates the _____ from the rest of the cerebrum. A. frontal lobe B. parietal lobe C. occipital lobe D. temporal lobe E. cerebellum

temporal lobe

The intermediate mass connects the two portions of the A. thalamus. B. epithalamus. C. hypothalamus. D. subthalamus. E. corpus callosum.

thalamus

A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal muscle, disturbed fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reaching for objects. What part of the brain is most likely damaged? A. the prefrontal lobe B. the frontal lobe C. the basal ganglia D. the pyramids E. the cerebellum

the cerebellum

The most superficial meningeal layer is A. the pia mater. B. the arachnoid layer. C. the dura mater. D. the epidural sinus. E. the skull.

the dura mater

Which of the following is false? A. The thalamus projects sensory information to the cerebral cortex. B. The subthalamic nuclei are associated with the basal nuclei. C. The thalamus controls many endocrine functions. D. The pineal body may play a role in controlling the onset of puberty. E. The third ventricle separates the two large portions of the thalamus.

the third ventricle seperates the two large portions of the thalamus

The plasma membrane of a neuron is more permeable to potassium ions because A. of its positive electrical charge. B. there are more non-gated channels for K+ than Na+. C. protein molecules cannot exit through the cell membrane. D. calcium ions block Na+ and Cl- channels. E. there are more non-gated channels for Na+ than K+.

there are more non-gated channels for K+ than Na+

The gastrocnemius muscle is most likely to be innervated by the _____ nerve. A. obturator B. common fibular (peroneal) C. tibial D. femoral E. median

tibial

Which nerve is involved when a dancer points his/her toes? A. tibial B. femoral C. obturator D. pudendal E. common fibular (peroneal)

tibial

Which of the following is a somatic sense? A. smell B. taste C. touch D. sound E. sight

touch

The motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system A. is a division of the CNS. B. regulates the digestion of food. C. transmits impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle. D. has nerve cell bodies located in ganglia near the spinal cord and brain. E. detects a stimulus.

transimits impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle

A kiss on the cheek would be perceived by impulses from the A. trochlear nerve. B. abducens nerve. C. trigeminal nerve. D. vestibulocochlear nerve. E. facial nerve.

trigeminal nerve

Dentists anesthetize a portion of the _____ nerve to stop pain impulses from the teeth. A. facial B. trigeminal C. hypoglossal D. glossopharyngeal E. abducens

trigeminal nerve

Difficulty with chewing or an inability to chew might result from damage to the A. vagus nerve. B. trochlear nerve. C. hypoglossal nerve. D. trigeminal nerve. E. vestibulocochlear nerve.

trigeminal nerve

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates only one muscle of the eyeball? A. optic nerve B. facial nerve C. trochlear nerve D. trigeminal nerve E. oculomotor nerve

trochlear nerve

When you walk up behind someone and tap their right shoulder, they will reflexly A. raise their arms. B. hit you. C. turn their head toward the left. D. sneeze. E. turn their head toward the right.

turn their head toward the right

When a person hits their "funny bone," they cause temporary damage to the _____ nerve. A. axillary B. radial C. musculocutaneous D. ulnar E. median

ulnar

Neurons in the skin that are responsible for detecting pain are A. apolar. B. unipolar. C. bipolar. D. multipolar. E. pseudopolar.

unipolar

Damage to branches of the _____ nerve can interfere with normal speech. A. facial B. vagus C. trigeminal D. glossopharyngeal E. abducens

vagus

Damage to which of the following cranial nerves might result in death? A. facial nerve B. vagus nerve C. trigeminal nerve D. glossopharyngeal nerve E. optic nerve

vagus nerve

Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera? A. facial nerve B. vagus nerve C. trigeminal nerve D. glossopharyngeal nerve E. accessory nerve

vagus nerve

The motor root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as the A. afferent root. B. dorsal root. C. posterior root. D. ventral root. E. sensory root.

ventral root

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by tissue in the walls and roofs of the A. subarachnoid space. B. dural sinuses. C. fissure of Sylvius. D. ventricles of the brain. E. subdural space.

ventricles of the brain

Which of the following cranial nerves is exclusively sensory? A. vestibulocochlear (VIII) B. hypoglossal (XII) C. trochlear (IV) D. facial (VI) E. trigeminal (V)

vestibulochochlear

A deer hunter lost the hearing in his right ear after his gun exploded when he tried firing it. His hearing loss is the result of damage to what nerve? A. vagus B. hypoglossal C. glossopharyngeal D. trigeminal E. vestibulocochlear

vestibulocochlear

Which of the following cranial nerves does not innervate the tongue? A. glossopharyngeal B. hypoglossal C. accessory D. facial E. All of these would innervate the tongue

accessory

Which of the following activities is not associated with the cerebrum? A. interpreting smell and taste B. acting as a control center of the autonomic nervous system C. initiating voluntary movements D. making moral judgments E. writing poetry

acting as a control center of the automatic nervous system

Nissl bodies are A. part of a dendrite. B. also called gemmules. C. lipid droplets. D. areas of rough endoplasmic reticulum. E. part of the Golgi apparatus

areas of rough ER

Voltage-gated sodium channels are sensitive to changes in the extracellular concentration of A. potassium ions. B. proteins. C. sodium ions. D. chloride ions. E. calcium ions.

calcium ions

The cerebral medulla A. has the same function as the medulla oblongata. B. is the gray matter on the cerebrum's surface. C. consists of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex. D. is another name for the basal nuclei. E. is the outer layer of the cerebrum.

consist of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum? A. coordinate control of voluntary movements B. help in the maintenance of muscle tone C. control the heart rate D. control skeletal muscles to maintain balance E. control of posture, locomotion, and fine motor coordination.

control the heart rate

When two or more presynaptic neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron in the CNS, a(n) _______ pathway is formed. A. convergent B. divergent C. oscillatory D. somatic E. sensory

convergent

The sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system A. transmits action potentials to sensory organs. B. conveys action potentials to the CNS. C. stimulates glands to release hormones. D. stimulates muscle contractions. E. does not involve sensory receptors.

conveys action potentials to the CNS

What is the large C-shaped mass of white matter that consists of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres? A. corpus callosum B. infundibulum C. intermediate mass D. vermis E. gyrus

corpus callosum

The gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called the A. cortex. B. pia mater. C. reticular formation. D. arbor vitae. E. cerebral medulla.

cotex

The peripheral nervous system includes the A. brain. B. spinal cord. C. cranial nerves. D. blood-brain barrier. E. cerebellum.

cranial nerves

The pyramids of the medulla contain A. ascending motor tracts. B. descending motor tracts. C. ascending sensory tracts. D. descending sensory tracts. E. None of these choices is correct.

descending motor tracts

Sensory neurons carrying action potentials from pain receptors synapse within the spinal cord with interneurons. These interneurons synapse with motor neurons leading back to an effector and ascending neurons that carry action potentials toward the brain. This is an example of a(n) _____ pathway. A. convergent B. divergent C. oscillatory D. sensory E. bifurcated

divergent

The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as A. anterior root. B. dorsal root. C. efferent root. D. ventral root. E. lateral root.

dorsal root

The thickest of the meninges is the A. pia mater. B. arachnoid mater. C. subdural space. D. subarachnoid space. E. dura mater.

dura mater

Muscles and glands that are capable of producing a response when stimulated by motor neurons are called A. aponeuroses. B. effectors. C. neuromodulators. D. receptors. E. sensory organs.

effectors

There are ________ cervical spinal nerves. A. eight B. twelve C. six D. five E. fourteen

eight

Gap junctions are functional __________ synapses. A. chemical B. electrical C. potential D. intracellular E. neuromuscular

electrical

A baseball player was hit on the left side of his skull in the parotid area. He cannot close his eye and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve was damaged? A. facial B. glossopharyngeal C. accessory D. optic E. oculomotor

facial

Paralysis on the right side of the face could result from damage to the right _____ nerve. A. vagus B. facial C. accessory D. trigeminal E. None of these choices is correct.

facial

When you lick frosting off a knife with the tip of your tongue and find the frosting has an orange flavor to it, which cranial nerve is being used to determine the taste of the frosting? A. facial B. trigeminal C. hypoglossal D. glossopharyngeal E. abducens

facial

Which of the following cranial nerves has a parasympathetic component? A. facial B. trochlear C. trigeminal D. hypoglossal E. accessory

facial

Facial expression is regulated by the A. facial nerve. B. vagus nerve. C. abducens nerve. D. trigeminal nerve. E. accessory nerve.

facial nerve

Motor control of the face is the function of the ____ nerve, while sensation from the face is determined by the ____ nerve. A. facial, trigeminal B. trochlear, facial C. facial, glossopharyngeal D. trigeminal, glossopharyngeal E. trigeminal, facial

facial, trigeminal

During brain surgery, the superior portion of the postcentral gyrus of a patient is stimulated. The patient is most likely to A. flex his fingers. B. talk to the surgeon. C. smile. D. feel pressure on his toes. E. move his hand

feel pressure on toes

If a person fell down the steps and then developed pain down his anterior thigh into the knee, which of the following spinal nerves was probably damaged? A. obturator B. femoral C. tibial D. common fibular (peroneal) E. pudendal

femoral

Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when transmission is A. from node to node on a myelinated axon. B. on a small diameter axon. C. on an unmyelinated axon. D. from internode to internode. E. from internode to node on a myelinated axon.

from node to node on a myelinated axon

The central sulcus separates the A. two parietal lobes. B. frontal and parietal lobes. C. occipital and temporal lobes. D. temporal and frontal lobes. E. parietal and occipital lobes.

frontal and parietal lones

Cell bodies of the peripheral nervous system are located in A. ganglia. B. Schwann cells. C. the motor division. D. the sensory division. E. nerves.

ganglia

Which of the following substances must pass through the blood-brain barrier in order for neurons to survive? A. nicotine B. collagen C. glucose D. dopamine E. insulin

glucose

The autonomic nervous system A. stimulates skeletal muscle contractions. B. has two sets of neurons in a series. C. is involved in problem solving. D. is under voluntary control. E. does not include the central nervous system.

has two sets of neurons in a series

Axons A. contain the nucleus. B. are numerous extensions from each neuron. C. do not have a trigger zone. D. have a distal portion that branches to form the presynaptic terminals or terminal boutons. E. do not have a resting membrane potential.

have a distal portion that branches to form the presynaptic terminals or terminal boutons

The stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the hypophysis (or pituitary gland) is the A. corpus callosum. B. infundibulum. C. insula. D. intermediate mass. E. arbor vitae.

infundibulum

The facial and glossopharyngeal nerves A. innervate the salivary glands. B. control movements of the tongue. C. are involved in the sense of smell. D. control the production of tears. E. carry pain from the teeth.

innervate the salivary glands

Damage to a postsynaptic membrane would A. increase neurotransmitter release. B. decrease the release of neurotransmitter. C. increase neurotransmitter production. D. interfere with the ability to respond to neurotransmitter. E. destroy vesicles containing neurotransmitter.

interfere with the ability to respond to neurotransmitter

Which portion of a reflex arc is most likely to be located entirely within the central nervous system? A. sensory neuron B. motor neuron C. effector cell D. interneuron E. receptor cell

interneuron

All spinal nerves from C2 to L5 exit the vertebral column through a(n) A. vertebral foramen. B. spinal foramen. C. dorsal root ganglion. D. intervertebral foramen. E. foramen magnum.

intervertebral foramen

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? A. initiates voluntary movements B. involved in psychosomatic illnesses C. control of balance D. unconscious swinging of the arms while walking E. perception of sensation

involved in psychosmatic illnesses

The corpus callosum A. consists of a broad band of gray matter. B. is found at the base of the transverse fissure. C. is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere. D. connects the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe. E. connects the frontal lobe to the parietal lobe.

is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the left

A change in resting membrane potential confined to a small area is called a(n) A. local potential. B. action potential. C. summated potential. D. after potential. E. resting membrane potential.

local potentio

Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs? A. 7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal B. 7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 6 sacral - 1 coccygeal C. 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 4 sacral - 1 coccygeal D. 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal E. 7 cervical - 13 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal

8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal

1. The nervous system A. monitors internal and external stimuli. B. transmits information in the form of action potentials. C. interprets or assesses information. D. maintains homeostasis. E. All of these choices are correct.

All of the above

Neurotransmitter is being released at a synapse. Which of the following occurs last? A. Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal. B. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis. C. An action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane. D. Neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft. E. Neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane

An action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane

Which of the following statements concerning the brainstem is true? A. The brainstem consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. B. The brainstem is responsible for higher level thinking skills. C. Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal. D. All twelve cranial nerves enter or exit from the brainstem. E. The brainstem is a relay for sensory input.

Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells? A. When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. B. The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves sodium into the cell. C. Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. D. Ligand-gated sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. E. Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell.

Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open

Why isn't an action potential transmitted from a postsynaptic membrane to a presynaptic terminal? A. Presynaptic terminals have no acetylcholine receptors. B. Presynaptic neurons do not have a resting membrane potential. C. Acetylcholine can only diffuse in one direction across the synaptic cleft. D. Synaptic vesicles in the postsynaptic membrane are inactive. E. Acetylcholine is destroyed too fast.

Presynaptic terminals have no acetylcholine receptors

Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways? A. Schwann cells form myelin; oligodendrocytes do not. B. Oligodendrocytes are only found in the PNS; Schwann cells are only found in the CNS. C. Schwann cells form sheaths around several axons, while oligodendrocytes form sheaths around only one axon. D. Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons. E. None of these choices are true differences

Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodenrocyte can surround portions of several axons

The oculomotor nerve A. innervates all the muscles that move the eyeball. B. adjusts pupil size to the level of lighting. C. transmits action potentials from the retina. D. controls the organ of balance. E. innervates two of the six muscles that move the eyeball

adjusts pupils to the level of lighting

Reflexes function in A. removing the body from painful stimuli. B. keeping the body from falling. C. maintaining blood pressure. D. maintaining blood CO2 levels. E. All of these choices are correct.

all of the above

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called A. an all-or-none response. B. a graded response. C. a latent period response. D. a relative refractory response. E. a local response.

an all-or- none response

The pineal body A. connects the two cerebral hemispheres. B. modifies mood. C. causes hot and cold flashes. D. appears to play a role in controlling the onset of puberty. E. plays a role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid

appears to play a role in controlling the onset of puberty

Reflex arcs A. are capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response. B. are the basic structural units of the nervous system. C. occur primarily in the cerebral cortex of the brain. D. involve inhibitory neurons. E. do not involve the spinal cord.

are capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response

The abducens nerves A. transmit pain impulses from the teeth. B. are involved in eye movement. C. dilate blood vessels in the skin. D. slow the heart rate. E. control size of the pupil.

are involved in eye movement

Microglia A. are part of the blood-brain barrier. B. are phagocytic cells in the CNS. C. produce cerebrospinal fluid. D. form myelin sheaths. E. are part of the choroid plexus.

are phagocytic cells in the CNS

Dendrites A. are the input part of the neuron. B. conduct action potentials away from the cell body. C. are generally long and unbranched. D. form synapses with the microglia. E. contain the trigger zone.

are the input part of the neuron

Which of the following events is NOT a characteristic of an action potential? A. The plasma membrane becomes highly permeable to sodium ions and depolarization results. B. As sodium ions enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative. C. At the peak of depolarization, sodium channels begin to close and potassium channels open. D. In repolarization, potassium ions flow out of the cell. E. Action potentials occur according to the all-or-none principle.

as sodium enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative

A neuroglial cell that is a major component of the blood-brain barrier is the A. astrocyte. B. microglial cell. C. oligodendrocyte. D. ependymal cell. E. macrophage.

astrocyte

When someone taps you on your shoulder, they stimulate the ____ nerve. A. axillary B. brachial C. radial D. musculocutaneous E. ulnar

axillary

Neurons that have a single axon and a single dendrite are A. unipolar. B. bipolar. C. multipolar. D. pseudopolar. E. monopolar.

bipolar

A local anesthetic such as Novocaine decreases membrane permeability to Na+ ions. The use of this anesthetic will A. block sensory input into the CNS. B. enhance the development of EPSPs. C. cause RMP to move closer to threshold. D. cause Cl- ions to enter cells instead of Na+ ions. E. depolarize the cell.

block sensory input into the CNS

Spinal nerves C5-T1 make up the ____________ plexus. A. sacral B. lumbar C. brachial D. cervical E. radial

brachial

White matter is composed of A. ganglial sheaths. B. bundles of myelinated axons. C. collections of nerve cell bodies. D. bundles containing both myelinated axons and nerve cell bodies. E. collections of unmyelinated axons.

bundles of myelinated axons

Neurotransmitters A. stimulate presynaptic terminals. B. remain in the synaptic cleft for long periods of time. C. bind irreversibly to the receptor molecules of the postsynaptic membrane. D. cause the production of action potentials in the postsynaptic membrane. E. do not affect membrane channels in the postsynaptic membrane.

cause the production of action potentials in the postsynaptic membrane

Protein synthesis in neurons occurs in A. axons. B. dendrites. C. cell bodies or soma. D. terminal boutons. E. node of Ranvier.

cell bodies or soma

2. Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills? A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. somatic nervous system D. autonomic nervous system E. None of these choices is correct.

central nervous system

The cerebellum communicates with other parts of the CNS by means of nerve tracts called the A. vermis. B. flocculonodular pathways. C. cerebellar peduncles. D. arbor vitae. E. folia.

cerebellar peduncles

Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that innervated the diaphragm arise primarily from what plexuses? A. brachial B. cervical C. lumbar D. sacral E. cranial

cervical

Which of the following would help to determine if the oculomotor nerve was damaged? A. have the patient distinguish between green and red colors B. determine if the patient can see anything C. have the patient look superiorly and inferiorly D. have the patient cry E. determine if the patient still has night vision

have the patient look superiorly and inferiorly

A 13-year-old child exhibited retarded growth, reduced metabolism, lack of normal reproductive gland development, inability to regulate water intake or water elimination from the body, and an uncontrolled appetite. What part of the child's brain is most likely involved? A. reticular formation B. primary sensory cortex C. medulla oblongata D. thalamus E. hypothalamus

hypothalamus

An individual who has an eating disorder along with intense thirst and wildly varying body temperatures may have a dysfunction of the A. pons. B. medulla. C. thalamus. D. hypothalamus. E. brainstem

hypothalamus

The "thermostat" or nucleus that monitors blood temperature is located in the A. hypothalamus. B. midbrain. C. pons. D. thalamus. E. brainstem.

hypothalamus

Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system? A. hypothalamus B. midbrain C. pons D. thalamus E. brainstem

hypothalamus

Which of the following is correctly associated with the medulla oblongata? A. It gives rise to conscious thoughts. B. It contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter. C. It contains enlargements called cerebral peduncles. D. It is the most superior portion of the brainstem. E. It relays sensory information.

in contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter

A local potential A. does not occur until threshold. B. transmits information from one cell to another. C. might be a depolarization event but cannot be a hyperpolarization event. D. increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus strength. E. does not alter resting membrane potential.

increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus stregnth

The opening of more and more Na+ ion channels during depolarization A. is the result of the sodium-potassium exchange pump. B. is an example of a positive feedback cycle. C. is possible only if K+ channels remain closed. D. is the cause of the afterpotential. E. is an example of a negative feedback cycle.

is an example of a positive feedback cycle

The glossopharyngeal nerve A. innervates the larynx. B. is involved in the sense of taste. C. innervates intrinsic tongue muscles. D. transmits sensory information from the abdominal viscera. E. controls facial expressions.

is involved in the sense of taste

The central nervous system A. is the site for processing information. B. initiates visual and auditory stimuli. C. consists of 43 pairs of nerves. D. is totally involuntary. E. does not interact with the peripheral nervous system.

is the site processing information

When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep." This sensation is the result of compressing the _____ nerve. A. femoral B. ischiadic (sciatic) C. obturator D. pudendal E. ulnar

ischiadic (sciatic)

The spinal cord A. controls the reticular activating system. B. stores reflexive memory. C. forms memory engrams. D. links the peripheral nervous system to the brain. E. is characterized by conscious activity.

links the peripheral nervous system to the brain

Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft A. may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials. B. generates local potentials in the presynaptic terminal. C. is necessary for synaptic transmission. D. may lead to action potentials. E. may stop exocytosis.

may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials

A patient with a traumatic head injury may exhibit vomiting as a result of irritation of nuclei in the A. pons. B. cerebellum. C. medulla oblongata. D. corpora quadrigemina. E. midbrain.

medulla oblongata

A small lesion in the brainstem which resulted in a rapid heart rate, intense vasoconstriction, and elevated blood pressure would probably be located in the A. medulla oblongata. B. pons. C. cerebellum. D. hypothalamus. E. cerebrum.

medulla oblongata

The spinal cord in contiguous superiorly with the A. cerebellum. B. medulla oblongata. C. midbrain. D. pons. E. cerebrum.

medulla oblongata

Which portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord? A. medulla oblongata B. midbrain C. pons D. thalamus E. cerebral peduncles

medulla oblongata

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, the regions innervated by that spinal nerve would experience complete loss of A. sensation. B. movement. C. sensation and movement. D. pain. E. None of these choices is correct.

movement

The blood-brain barrier A. permits passage of foreign substances from the blood to the neurons. B. prohibits the transport of amino acids and glucose to the neurons. C. prohibits the removal of waste materials from the neurons. D. protects neurons from toxic substances in the blood. E. does not prevent fluctuations in the composition of the blood from affecting the functions of the brain.

protects neurons from toxic substances in the blood

Branches of the ____ nerve are anesthetized before a doctor performs an episiotomy for childbirth. A. genitofemoral B. gluteal C. cutaneous femoral D. pudendal E. common fibular (peroneal)

pudendal

Improper use of crutches could cause compression of the _____ nerve. A. axillary B. radial C. musculocutaneous D. ulnar E. median

radial

During depolarization of the plasma membrane, A. sodium ions move rapidly into the cell. B. potassium ions move rapidly out of the cell. C. membrane permeability to sodium ions decreases. D. the outside of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the inside. E. sodium ions move rapidly out of the cell.

sodium ions move rapidly into the cell

When two action potentials arrive simultaneously at two different presynaptic terminals that synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron, A. the direction of the action potential is reversed. B. temporal summation occurs. C. spatial summation occurs. D. hyperpolarization occurs. E. threshold is never reached.

spatial summation occurs

Which of the following is not a lobe of the cerebrum? A. parietal B. frontal C. occipital D. sphenoidal E. temporal

sphenoidal

3. The central nervous system includes the A. ganglia. B. spinal cord. C. spinal nerves. D. cranial nerves. E. sensory receptors

spinal cord

Cerebrospinal fluid fills the A. subarachnoid space. B. subdural space. C. dural sinuses. D. epidural space. E. None of these choices is correct.

subarachnoid space

During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations? A. dural sinus B. epidural space C. subarachnoid space D. subdural space E. sagittal sinus

subarachnoid space

If cerebrospinal fluid does not drain properly, A. the brain will shrink and shrivel. B. the excess fluid exerts pressure on the brain. C. the cerebral cortex absorbs the fluid and swells. D. the choroid plexus enlarges. E. the arachnoid granulations halt their function.

the excess fluid exerts pressure on the brain

Chemical synapses are characterized by A. the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal. B. protein channels that connect the pre- and postsynaptic cells. C. the presence of receptors for neurotransmitters on the presynaptic terminal. D. the absence of gap junctions. E. receptors located only on the presynaptic terminal.

the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal

The Roman numerals assigned to each cranial nerve reflect A. the order of their discovery. B. the sequence from anterior to posterior in which they emerge from the brain. C. their importance, with highest numbers being the most important. D. the complexity of each nerve, with complex nerves having higher numbers. E. the sequence from posterior to anterior in which they emerge from the brain

the sequence from anterior to posterior in which they emerge from the brain