TopHat: Ch. 24 Renal System EOC

Normal values for glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) are 55 mm Hg, 15 mm Hg, and 30 mm Hg, respectively. What would NFP be if blood pressure changes caused GBHP to increase to 60 mm Hg?

15.0 NFP = GBHP − (CHP + BCOP) = 60 mm Hg − (15 mm Hg + 30 mm Hg) = 15 mm Hg

Renal fascia is _________

A connective tissue that is most superficial in covering the kidney and functions to anchor them in place

Why does the dosage of medicine change as a person gets older?

As one ages, the GFR decreases

Consider a juxtamedullary nephron. A single NaCl pump in the _____ of the loop of Henle is able to produce a concentration difference of _____ between the inside and outside of the tubule.

Ascending limb; 200 mOsm

A drug company testing a new drug on 100 subjects finds the renal clearance to be 50% greater than GFR. The company recommends that the drug be taken 3 times a day. Why?

Because the drug is obviously filtered and secreted

The urethra ________

Carries urine to the outside environment

The ureter _________

Collects urine and delivers it to the bladder

Which step of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway is catalyzed by ACE?

Conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II

If the renal clearance of acetaminophen is less than GFR, then acetaminophen must be _________

Filtered and reabsorbed

The kidney _________

Filters the blood to produce urine in order to regulate the total water content of the body and manage its solute concentration

Principal cells ________

Fine-tune the Na+, K+, and water content of the urine

What substance normally has a renal clearance close to zero in healthy people?

Glucose

If afferent arteriole blood pressure is increased by 15%, GFR will (assuming that everything is working correctly) __________

Increase

The renal filtration barrier ________

Is composed of podocytes with fenestrations that surround capillary endothelial cells within Bowman's capsule

The renal interstitial osmolarity gradient ________

Is maintained in part by the unique blood flow around the nephron

The pump referred to in the previous question is part of the ____________

Mechanism to produce the osmotic gradient

Macula densa cells _________

Monitor and respond to the Na+ and Cl- contents of the filtrate

Granular cells

Produce and secrete variable amounts of renin based on the blood pressure within afferent arterioles

The region of the renal tubule that is most active in terms of filtrate processing is ______

Proximal convoluted tubule

Intercalated cells ________

Regulate the amount of HCO3- and H+ in the urine in order to maintain the body's acid-base balance

The following arteries in order of blood flow from the aorta toward a glomerulus:

Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Cortical radiate artery Afferent arteriole

Order of the regions of the kidney from superficial to deep:

Renal cortex Renal medulla Renal pelvis

The urinary bladder ________

Storage place for urine prior to urination

Consider the myogenic mechanism for autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). What happens if renal blood pressure rises (in the absence of any other stimulus)?

The afferent arteriole will constrict in response

Why is the nephron filtration barrier selective only to size and charge?

This allows the kidney to secrete anything a person ingests if it is smaller than the filtration barrier

What do the ureters do?

Transport urine to the bladder

What is NOT a buffer found in the nephron filtrate?

Urea

Water leaves the nephron and enters the interstitial space because?

Water goes from an area of low osmolarity to high osmolarity

Which of the following correctly describes what occurs when there is a change in plasma osmolarity?

↑ Plasma Osmolarity → ↑ CSF osmolarity → ↑ADH release → ↑ aquaporin channels in collecting duct → ↑ water retention