TopHat: Ch. 24 Renal System EOC
Normal values for glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) are 55 mm Hg, 15 mm Hg, and 30 mm Hg, respectively. What would NFP be if blood pressure changes caused GBHP to increase to 60 mm Hg?
15.0 NFP = GBHP − (CHP + BCOP) = 60 mm Hg − (15 mm Hg + 30 mm Hg) = 15 mm Hg
Renal fascia is _________
A connective tissue that is most superficial in covering the kidney and functions to anchor them in place
Why does the dosage of medicine change as a person gets older?
As one ages, the GFR decreases
Consider a juxtamedullary nephron. A single NaCl pump in the _____ of the loop of Henle is able to produce a concentration difference of _____ between the inside and outside of the tubule.
Ascending limb; 200 mOsm
A drug company testing a new drug on 100 subjects finds the renal clearance to be 50% greater than GFR. The company recommends that the drug be taken 3 times a day. Why?
Because the drug is obviously filtered and secreted
The urethra ________
Carries urine to the outside environment
The ureter _________
Collects urine and delivers it to the bladder
Which step of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway is catalyzed by ACE?
Conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II
If the renal clearance of acetaminophen is less than GFR, then acetaminophen must be _________
Filtered and reabsorbed
The kidney _________
Filters the blood to produce urine in order to regulate the total water content of the body and manage its solute concentration
Principal cells ________
Fine-tune the Na+, K+, and water content of the urine
What substance normally has a renal clearance close to zero in healthy people?
Glucose
If afferent arteriole blood pressure is increased by 15%, GFR will (assuming that everything is working correctly) __________
Increase
The renal filtration barrier ________
Is composed of podocytes with fenestrations that surround capillary endothelial cells within Bowman's capsule
The renal interstitial osmolarity gradient ________
Is maintained in part by the unique blood flow around the nephron
The pump referred to in the previous question is part of the ____________
Mechanism to produce the osmotic gradient
Macula densa cells _________
Monitor and respond to the Na+ and Cl- contents of the filtrate
Granular cells
Produce and secrete variable amounts of renin based on the blood pressure within afferent arterioles
The region of the renal tubule that is most active in terms of filtrate processing is ______
Proximal convoluted tubule
Intercalated cells ________
Regulate the amount of HCO3- and H+ in the urine in order to maintain the body's acid-base balance
The following arteries in order of blood flow from the aorta toward a glomerulus:
Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Cortical radiate artery Afferent arteriole
Order of the regions of the kidney from superficial to deep:
Renal cortex Renal medulla Renal pelvis
The urinary bladder ________
Storage place for urine prior to urination
Consider the myogenic mechanism for autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). What happens if renal blood pressure rises (in the absence of any other stimulus)?
The afferent arteriole will constrict in response
Why is the nephron filtration barrier selective only to size and charge?
This allows the kidney to secrete anything a person ingests if it is smaller than the filtration barrier
What do the ureters do?
Transport urine to the bladder
What is NOT a buffer found in the nephron filtrate?
Urea
Water leaves the nephron and enters the interstitial space because?
Water goes from an area of low osmolarity to high osmolarity
Which of the following correctly describes what occurs when there is a change in plasma osmolarity?
↑ Plasma Osmolarity → ↑ CSF osmolarity → ↑ADH release → ↑ aquaporin channels in collecting duct → ↑ water retention