A&P Test 1

The esophagus is directionally __________ to the trachea

Posterior

Chromatin will coil itself up around histone proteins to form a thicker visible chromosomes during which phase of mitosis

Prophase

The only substance on earth that is considered purely 'neutral'

Pure water because there are an equal amount of 'H' and 'OH' molecules to keep it at 7.0

The identity markers that are found on the cell membrane of all cells are made of

proteins

Ongoing pain in the calf muscle of his leg at night, in report you will write, "patients complain of pain in the

sural region

The molecule responsible for bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation phase of protein synthesis is called

tRNA

One atom of sodium would have how many valence electrons

1

One atom of sodium would have _____ neutrons in the nucleus of the atom

12

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback system

A neuron is stimulated, thus opening the membrane channels on the axon to allow sodium ions to move into the cell. This causes more membrane channels to open along the axon thus allowing more sodium ions to move into the cell

What process will the cell membranes be required to use in order for the sodium to be moved into the blood

Active transport

Which of the following represents the correct base pairing between bases found in the DNA molecules

Adenine to Thymine and Cytosine to Guanine

The end result of the process of transcription is the production of

An MRNA copy of the original section of DNA

The phase of mitosis where the centromeres split and the chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers is called

Anaphase

Red blood cells only live approximately 24 hours once they have entered the blood stream from bone marrow, this is normal type of cell death called

Apoptosis

Which of the following structures is located in the dorsal body cavity

Brain, Spinal Cord

Which of the following correctly list the four elements that make up 96% of the human bodies mass

C,H,O,N

Identify which of the following statements about carbohydrates is true

Carbohydrates usually contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

All of the chemical energy that is stored within the molecule in the food that we consume is stored in the?

Chemical bonds between the atoms of the macromolecules in our food

The large macromolecules in our bodies are usually held together by large.....

Covalent Bonds

The end phase of mitosis

Cytokinesis

DNA is made of repeating NUCLEOTIDES each on consisting of a sugar called ___________ a phosphate group and one of four nitrogenous

Deoxyribose

Which of the following substances composed of protein?

Enzymes

What can you tell about the following nucleotide sequence Adenine-Uracil-Guanine?

It comes from a section of RNA molecule

The types of lipids that function mainly to store excess energy from the food that we eat are called......

Phospholipids

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as

Metabolism

The plane that divides a structure equally left and right sides

Midsaggital

The abnormal death of our cells such as that seen in gangrene of the skin is called

Necrosis

Recognizing changes and correct imbalances in our internal environment to maintain a level of homeostasis is called

Negative Feedback System

Atomic number of an element will tell us the number of protons in the

Nucleus

Blood is slightly alkaline (7.4 on the pH scale) This means blood contains a slightly higher number of dissolved what?

OH ions

Which of the following list the levels of organization of the human body from the MOST complex to the LEAST complex.

Organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

The process in which the solvent moves down the concentration gradient (high to low) is

Osmosis

Which of the following is not one of the major organic molecules that make up the human body?

Oxygen

The process of translation occurs at which of the following organelles within the cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Severe pain in the right olecranal region, careful when handling this patients what?

Right elbow

The phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated before cell division occurs

S

Any substance when dissolved in water that releases neither H+ nor OH- ions would be classified as

SALT

Potassium Chloride is classified as a

Salt

Cell membranes help protect the cell by allowing certain substances to cross the cell membrane. This is important property of the cell membrane is called?

Selective permeability

A red blood cell that is placed in a 70% salt solution would quickly

Shrink (crenate)

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution of 50% sodium would

Shrink up (crenate)

Which of the following statements best describes how the phospholipid molecules are arranged within the lipid bilayer of our cell membranes

The heads are oriented toward the ICF and ECF because they are hydrophilic

Which of the following does NOT occur during prophase of mitosis

The nuclear membrane reappears around the nucleus

A patient IV saline solution was accidentally replaced with pure, sterile water. What would you see written on the patients autopsy report?

The patients red blood cells and brain cells filled with water, swelled, and burst

If the nucleotide sequence of a section of DNA strand is ACTGCT then the mRNA copies of that

UGACGA

The spleen would located in which quadrant?

Upper left quadrant

"trace element"

iodine

___________ bonds are formed when one atom physically gives an electron another atom

ionic

Which of the following best describes the integumentary system

it contains hair, skin, and nails as accessory organs