A&P2: chapter 17: blood
each hemoglobin molecule contains _____ iron atoms
1
basophils makes up ____% of WBCs, they contain _______, and their granules stain _____ with wright stain
1% contain GRANULES stain BLUE
the yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from: 1) excessive amounts of ______ in the plasma 2) extensive breakdown of _______ 3) destruction of the protein _____
1) bilirubin 2) RBCs 3) hemoglobin
the average lifespan of a red blood cell is _____ days
120
RBCs typically live about _____ days. the main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their lack of a _______
120 ribosome
each hemoglobin molecule has ____ alpha chains and _____ beta chains
2 alpha 2 beta
eosinophils make up _____% of WBCs, they often elevate during a _____ reaction, their granules stain _____ with wright stain
2-4% ALLERGIC reaction stain RED
you are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40kg (90 lbs). assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?
37-47%
a typical adult hematocrit is around ______%
37-54
formed elements make up about _____% of blood
45
the total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately _____ liters
5-6
plasma composes about ______ percent of whole blood, and water composes _____ percent of the plasma volume
55% plasma in whole blood 92% water in plasma
the normal pH of blood is _______ (slightly alkaline)
7.35-7.45
red cells are about _____ micrometers in diameter
8
a person with type A blood has antigen _____ on the RBC's and anti-____ antibodies in the plasma.
A B
people with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because their blood lacks ____ or ____ antigens
A B
pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by injections of vitamin _____
B12
hormones called ______ are involved in regulation of white blood cell population
CSFs
the most abundant component of plasma is ______
albumins
the most abundant proteins in blood plasma are _______
albumins
which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure in plasma?
albumins
sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to the mother's immune system productin _______ against the fetus' RBCs
antibodies
a person's blood type is determined largely by the presence of specific _____ on the cell membrane surface
antigen
WBCs that release histamine at the site of an injury are _______
basophils
if bile ducts are blocked, more _____ appears in the plasma and appears in the skin and eyes, giving them a yellowish color.
bile
list 5 components of the cardiovascular system
blood vessels arteries capillaries veins plasma
how does a treatment with RhoGAM prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? it destroys fetal ____ that enter the maternal circulation
cells
the ______ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells
differential count
the _________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes
differential count
the chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of ____________
dissolved proteins
white blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the ________
eosinophils
the process of red blood cell production is called ________
erythropoiesis
erythropoiesis is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called ______
erythropoietin
tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the (extrinsic or intrinsic) pathway
extrinsic
true or false: blood has a normal pH of 6.9-7.0
false 7.35-7.45
the plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is _______
fibrinogen
plasma proteins essential in body defense are the _______
globulins
the percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the ______
hematocrit
_________ molecules tranport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs
hemoglobin
more than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is a _______
hemoglobin
red cells are specialized for carrying _______. (about 280 million per cell)
hemoglobin
colony stimulating factor is a ______ that regulates blood cell formation
hormone
an increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed _______
hyperchromic
after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect an (increase, decrease) in reticulocyte count
increase
plasma is close in composition to ______ fluid
interstitial
platelets factor (PF-3) is a factor in the (extrinsic or intrinsic) pathway
intrinsic
each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of _______
iron
the waste production bilirubin is produced from heme molecules lacking ______
iron
if the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then there (is, is not) a reaction between antibodies and antigens
is not
red cells (have or lack) mitochondria
lack
a cancer of the white blood cells is called _______
leukemia
what organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
liver
aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the ______, ______, and _____.
liver spleen bone marrow
______ defend against specific pathogens or toxins (B cells and T cells). their nucleus almost completely fills up the cell
lymphocytes
______ adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
platelets
______ are cytoplasmic fragments of large cells
platelets
_______ function in forming a temporary clump in injured areas, initiate the clotting process and release chemicals that stimulate clotting
platelets
list the formed elements found in blood:
platelets red blood cells white blood cells
an elevated hematocrit value is termed _______
polycythemia
granulocytes form in _____ bone marrow
red
all the circulating red blood cells originate in the ________
red bone marrow
in adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is _________
red bone marrow
most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is recycled to the ______
red bone marrow
platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called _______
red bone marrow
in adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in _________
red bone marrow (myeloid tissue)
the function of hemoglobin is to carry ______
respiratory gases (oxygen)
the developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as ______
reticulocytes
red cells can form stacks called ______
rouleaux
when blood is fractionated, its components are _______ for the purpose of analysis
separated
the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by ______
thrombin
white blood cell production takes places in the _____, _____, _____, and the ______,
thymus lymph nodes red bone marrow spleen
true or false: blood is about 55% plasma
true
true or false: blood is more viscous than water
true
true or false: red cells are biconcave discs
true
true or false: whole blood has a built in system for clotting
true
true or false: whole blood has a deep red color
true
true or false: whole blood has the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles
true
true or false: whole blood has the ability to neutralize acids
true
the combination of plasma and formed elements is called _____ blood
whole
the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the release of tissue factor ____ by damaged epithelium
III (3)
hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if an Rh ____ mother carries an Rh ____ fetus
Rh- mother Rh+ fetus
the common pathway of coagulation begins with the conversion of Factor _____ to prothrombin activator
X (10)
_____ are WBCs that make cytotoxic chemicals, can exit capillaries, can destroy bacteria, and are produced in the bone marrow
neutrophils
during a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of _____ (type of WBC)
neutrophils
mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. the test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. this value indicates that her hemoglobin level is (not normal or normal)
normal
the function of red blood cells is to carry _______ from the lungs to the body's cells
oxygen
differentiate between the color of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin: bright red deoxyhemoglobin: dark red
a ______ provides information on formed elements abundance
packed cell volume (PCV)