A&P2: chapter 17: blood

each hemoglobin molecule contains _____ iron atoms

1

basophils makes up ____% of WBCs, they contain _______, and their granules stain _____ with wright stain

1% contain GRANULES stain BLUE

the yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from: 1) excessive amounts of ______ in the plasma 2) extensive breakdown of _______ 3) destruction of the protein _____

1) bilirubin 2) RBCs 3) hemoglobin

the average lifespan of a red blood cell is _____ days

120

RBCs typically live about _____ days. the main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their lack of a _______

120 ribosome

each hemoglobin molecule has ____ alpha chains and _____ beta chains

2 alpha 2 beta

eosinophils make up _____% of WBCs, they often elevate during a _____ reaction, their granules stain _____ with wright stain

2-4% ALLERGIC reaction stain RED

you are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40kg (90 lbs). assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?

37-47%

a typical adult hematocrit is around ______%

37-54

formed elements make up about _____% of blood

45

the total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately _____ liters

5-6

plasma composes about ______ percent of whole blood, and water composes _____ percent of the plasma volume

55% plasma in whole blood 92% water in plasma

the normal pH of blood is _______ (slightly alkaline)

7.35-7.45

red cells are about _____ micrometers in diameter

8

a person with type A blood has antigen _____ on the RBC's and anti-____ antibodies in the plasma.

A B

people with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because their blood lacks ____ or ____ antigens

A B

pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by injections of vitamin _____

B12

hormones called ______ are involved in regulation of white blood cell population

CSFs

the most abundant component of plasma is ______

albumins

the most abundant proteins in blood plasma are _______

albumins

which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure in plasma?

albumins

sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to the mother's immune system productin _______ against the fetus' RBCs

antibodies

a person's blood type is determined largely by the presence of specific _____ on the cell membrane surface

antigen

WBCs that release histamine at the site of an injury are _______

basophils

if bile ducts are blocked, more _____ appears in the plasma and appears in the skin and eyes, giving them a yellowish color.

bile

list 5 components of the cardiovascular system

blood vessels arteries capillaries veins plasma

how does a treatment with RhoGAM prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? it destroys fetal ____ that enter the maternal circulation

cells

the ______ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells

differential count

the _________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes

differential count

the chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of ____________

dissolved proteins

white blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the ________

eosinophils

the process of red blood cell production is called ________

erythropoiesis

erythropoiesis is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called ______

erythropoietin

tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the (extrinsic or intrinsic) pathway

extrinsic

true or false: blood has a normal pH of 6.9-7.0

false 7.35-7.45

the plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is _______

fibrinogen

plasma proteins essential in body defense are the _______

globulins

the percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the ______

hematocrit

_________ molecules tranport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs

hemoglobin

more than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is a _______

hemoglobin

red cells are specialized for carrying _______. (about 280 million per cell)

hemoglobin

colony stimulating factor is a ______ that regulates blood cell formation

hormone

an increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed _______

hyperchromic

after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect an (increase, decrease) in reticulocyte count

increase

plasma is close in composition to ______ fluid

interstitial

platelets factor (PF-3) is a factor in the (extrinsic or intrinsic) pathway

intrinsic

each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of _______

iron

the waste production bilirubin is produced from heme molecules lacking ______

iron

if the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then there (is, is not) a reaction between antibodies and antigens

is not

red cells (have or lack) mitochondria

lack

a cancer of the white blood cells is called _______

leukemia

what organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the ______, ______, and _____.

liver spleen bone marrow

______ defend against specific pathogens or toxins (B cells and T cells). their nucleus almost completely fills up the cell

lymphocytes

______ adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

platelets

______ are cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

platelets

_______ function in forming a temporary clump in injured areas, initiate the clotting process and release chemicals that stimulate clotting

platelets

list the formed elements found in blood:

platelets red blood cells white blood cells

an elevated hematocrit value is termed _______

polycythemia

granulocytes form in _____ bone marrow

red

all the circulating red blood cells originate in the ________

red bone marrow

in adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is _________

red bone marrow

most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is recycled to the ______

red bone marrow

platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called _______

red bone marrow

in adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in _________

red bone marrow (myeloid tissue)

the function of hemoglobin is to carry ______

respiratory gases (oxygen)

the developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as ______

reticulocytes

red cells can form stacks called ______

rouleaux

when blood is fractionated, its components are _______ for the purpose of analysis

separated

the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by ______

thrombin

white blood cell production takes places in the _____, _____, _____, and the ______,

thymus lymph nodes red bone marrow spleen

true or false: blood is about 55% plasma

true

true or false: blood is more viscous than water

true

true or false: red cells are biconcave discs

true

true or false: whole blood has a built in system for clotting

true

true or false: whole blood has a deep red color

true

true or false: whole blood has the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles

true

true or false: whole blood has the ability to neutralize acids

true

the combination of plasma and formed elements is called _____ blood

whole

the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the release of tissue factor ____ by damaged epithelium

III (3)

hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if an Rh ____ mother carries an Rh ____ fetus

Rh- mother Rh+ fetus

the common pathway of coagulation begins with the conversion of Factor _____ to prothrombin activator

X (10)

_____ are WBCs that make cytotoxic chemicals, can exit capillaries, can destroy bacteria, and are produced in the bone marrow

neutrophils

during a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of _____ (type of WBC)

neutrophils

mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. the test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. this value indicates that her hemoglobin level is (not normal or normal)

normal

the function of red blood cells is to carry _______ from the lungs to the body's cells

oxygen

differentiate between the color of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin

oxyhemoglobin: bright red deoxyhemoglobin: dark red

a ______ provides information on formed elements abundance

packed cell volume (PCV)