A&P2 Exam 1
Glucagon and insulin work ______ on blood glucose levels.
Antagonistically
During the S-T segment, what is occurring within cardiac muscle cells?
Calcium is entering and potassium is leaving ventricular cells.
The disease called _____ is caused by excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, and is characterized by redistribution of body fat to produce characteristic features such as "moon face."
Crushing syndrome
Which is going to result in significant agglutination?
Donor is type AB, recipient is type B
Which hormone induces it's target cells to take up glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?
Insulin
Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?
Lipid-soluble hormone
Which hormone group is not secreted by the adrenal cortex?
No exceptions; all choices are secreted by the adrenal cortex
Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?
Protection
Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?
Pulmonary circuit
Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
Which is NOT characteristic of the endocrine system?
Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level
In an ECG, what does the T wave represent?
Repolarization of ventricles
Which heart chamber contains deoxygenated blood?
Right atrium and right ventricle
Which segment of the ECG reflects the plateau phase of ventricular muscle cells' action potentials?
S-T segment
When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be
Synergistic
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?
Systemic circuit
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?
Systemic circuit
The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the
Tendinous cords.
Protein hormones are
Water-soluble
The term down-regulation refers to the process by which
a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone.
Someone with a heart block would have
a long P-R interval.
Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
a, b, e
Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes
a, b, e
An autorhythmic heart cell is one in which
action potentials fire spontaneoulsy.
Glucagon works by
activating second messengers and stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Norepinephrine is considered a positive chronotropic agent because it causes
an increase in the firing rate of SA node cells.
In an ECG, the P wave is generated when the
atria depolarize.
Which are characteristics of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B
b, c, f
Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? a: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies b: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present c: Always has Rh (D) antigen d: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present e: Is inherited independent of the ABO group
b, e
The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to
both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
A malnourished person might have abnormally low levels of plasma proteins. As a result, colloid osmotic pressure
decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space.
In most of its target cells, cortisol ________ glucose uptake and _______ protein metabolism.
decreases, increases
The main function of leukocytes is to
defend against pathogens.
Cardiac output equals the
heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.
Platelets play a key role in _________, but if they are not used they are broken down after about ________ days.
hemostasis, 9
Thyroid hormones effects are to
increase metabolic rate and body temperature by increasing protein synthesis in target cells.
Exercise causes a(n) ______ in growth hormone (GH) levels; a rise in amino acid levels or decrease in glucose levels causes a(n) _____ in GH levels.
increase; increase
Insulin causes a(n) _______ in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) _______ in lipogenesis in adipose.
increase; increase
The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to
lubricate membranes of the pericardium.
In hematopoiesis, granulocytes such as neutrophils are formed from the _____ line.
myeloid
The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.
The heart valves
permit the passage of blood in one direction.
The "buffy coat" in a centrifuged blood sample is composed of
platelets and leukocytes.
Large doses of certain stimulants can lead to dangerous increases in heart rates. Such a stimulant is a
positive chronotropic agent.
Someone with tachyarrhythmia would be expected to show an abnormally
small Q-T interval.
The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to
stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands.
The release of hormones from adrenal medulla is stimulated by
the sympathetic division of the autonomic system.
If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate
the wrong blood type was used.
The first phase in hemostasis is
vascular spasm.
