A&P2: Lab 1- Blood Composition & Scientific Method

True or False: Good experimental design requires the creation of only one, single hypothesis

False

True or False: Lymphocytes are white blood cells that can differentiate into macrophages.

False

True or False: The Abstract of a journal article does not include the important findings of the study

False

True or False: The dependent variable is graphed on the x-axis

False

True or False: There is only one correct way to represent your data on a graph

False

Mature __________ are the most numerous blood cells and do not have a nucleus. A: erythrocytes B: leukocytes

A: erythrocytes

You are interested in researching more about ulcers and their treatment with antibiotics. You find a paper through a Google Scholar search. Which section should include information on the way the experiment was carried out, including the study group and how the treatments were administered and measured? A: abstract B: introduction C: materials and methods D: results E: discussion

C: materials and methods

You are walking outside. As you are walking you notice that your arm muscle bulges underneath your skin when you more your forearm towards your upper arm. This is an example of an: A: hypothesis B: experiment C: observation D: question

C: observation

Which of the following is the best definition of a controlled variable? A: the variable that remains unchanged by the experiment B: the variable whose value is dependent on the experiment C: variables that may impact one of the other variables and are kept D: the same between groups E: categorical and discrete data F: numerical and continuous data

C: variables that may impact one of the other variables and are kept

The Scientific Method: Manipulation and Analysis of Data Select all answers that are TRUE regarding Line Graphs. (More than one answer may be correct.) A: Simple line graphs allow trends or patterns in the data to be demonstrated. B: The variable that is measured in the experiment is plotted on the Y-axis. C: Properly drawn line graphs can convey the essential meaning of a large amount of statistical data at a glance. D: The curve on a line graph should routinely be extended beyond the last plotted point. E: The variable that is manipulated in the experiment is plotted on the X-axis.

A, B, C, E

Which of these cells are considered granular? A: A, B, and C B: C only C: B and C D: D and E

A: A, B, and C *A, B, and C all possess granules in their cytoplasm. Note that B and C granules absorb strongly, but they absorb different colors. The granules in A absorb weakly.

Which of the following is the LEAST important characteristic of a good hypothesis? A: Hypotheses must be correct predictions. B: Hypotheses must not be anthropomorphic. C: Hypotheses must be based on measurable, describable facts. D: Hypotheses must be testable.

A: Hypotheses must be correct predictions *Science is a process of discovery, so hypotheses that are not correct predictions can still serve to redirect the direction of research.

All of the following are true of quantitative variables EXCEPT A: They are categorical and discrete B: They have specific numerical values associated with them C: They can theoretically have any value D: They are numerical and continuous

A: They are categorical and discrete

Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood? A: They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. B: They are denser than erythrocytes but less dense than plasma. C: They are denser then plasma and erythrocytes. D: They are less dense than both erythrocytes and plasma.

A: They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. *Centrifugation separates materials by density. Materials in the buffy coat are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma.

You are interested in researching more about ulcers and their treatment with antibiotics. You find a paper through a Google Scholar search. Which section is the best place to start your reading to decide if this paper is applicable to your interests? A: abstract B: introduction C: materials and methods D: results E: discussion

A: abstract

You are performing an experiment to determine if antibiotics can cure ulcers. You divide 18 25 year olds into two groups. One group is given an antibiotic and one group is given a placebo. Each month, their stomachs are scoped to view the number of ulcers present. Which of the following is the independent variable? A: antibiotics B: number of ulcers C: age of individuals D: the placebo

A: antibiotics

Which type of graph should be used when the x-axis values are qualitative? A: bar graph B: line graph C: pie chart D: a table

A: bar graph

You are walking outside. As you are walking you notice that your arm muscle bulges underneath your skin when you more your forearm towards your upper arm. You wonder why this occurs and do some research on the topic. You decide you want to test the research you've uncovered. You come up with the following statement, the contraction of small filaments in muscle cells cause the change in shape of muscles as they move. This is an example of an: A: hypothesis B: experiment C: observation D: question

A: hypothesis

Which of these makes up the greatest portion of whole blood by volume? A: plasma B: leukocytes C: erythrocytes D: platelets

A: plasma *Plasma typically constitutes 55% of whole blood, although this value can vary somewhat.

Which of the following is the best definition of an independent variable? A: the variable that remains unchanged by the experiment B: the variable whose value is dependent on the experiment C: variables that may impact one of the other variables and are kept D: the same between groups E: categorical and discrete data F: numerical and continuous data

A: the variable that remains unchanged by the experiment

The Scientific Method: Reporting Conclusions of the Study Select all statements that are TRUE. (More than one answer may be correct.) A: Theories and biological principles cannot be proven wrong by new experimental findings. B: Experimental data that is consistent with a hypothesis increases the probability that the hypothesis is correct. C: Hypotheses are unproven conclusions that attempt to explain some phenomenon. D: Theories link sets of data and make predictions that may lead to additional avenues of investigation.

B, C, D

Which leukocyte increases in number during parasitic infections? A: Neutrophil B: Eosinophil C: Basophil D: Lymphocyte

B: Eosinophil

Activation of which type of leukocyte will diminish the effect of allergies and inflammation? A: neutrophils B: eosinophils C: basophils D: lymphocytes

B: eosinophils

When determining the __________, you will centrifuge whole blood in order to allow the formed elements to sink to the bottom of the sample. A: hemoglobin B: hematocrit

B: hematocrit

You are interested in researching more about ulcers and their treatment with antibiotics. You find a paper through a Google Scholar search. Which section should you read to find out more about the background information behind the experiment as well as the hypothesis? A: abstract B: introduction C: materials and methods D: results E: discussion

B: introduction

Which type of graph should be used when the x-axis values are qualitative? A: bar graph B: line graph C: pie chart D: a table

B: line graph

Which of the following leukocytes are responsible for producing antibodies? A: basophils B: lymphocytes C: monocytes D: neutrophils

B: lymphocytes

Identify the leukocytes in the figure in order. A: monocyte, eosinophil, lymphocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil B: neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte C: neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte D: eosinophil, neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, lymphocyte

B: neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte *This is the correct order. Notice that A-C are granular, while D and E are agranular. The groups can then be distinguished by looking at cell size, granule color, and nucleus shape.

You are performing an experiment to determine if antibiotics can cure ulcers. You divide 18 25 year olds into two groups. One group is given an antibiotic and one group is given a placebo. Each month, their stomachs are scoped to view the number of ulcers present. Which of the following is the dependent variable? A: antibiotics B: number of ulcers C: age of individuals D: the placebo

B: number of ulcers

Which of the following is the best definition of a dependent variable? A: the variable that remains unchanged by the experiment B: the variable whose value is dependent on the experiment C: variables that may impact one of the other variables and are kept D: the same between groups E: categorical and discrete data F: numerical and continuous data

B: the variable whose value us dependent on the experiment

Which of the following is the major way that scientists communicate their research findings? Includes a process that increases our confidence in the findings of the study. A: the internet B: social media C: peer reviewed journal articles D: news articles

C; peer reviewed journal articles

What is a hematocrit? A: A hematocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample. B: A hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample. C: A hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. D: A hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample.

C: A hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. *Although the percent sign is usually omitted, the hematocrit, which in this figure is 45, is the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood. The total height of material is divided by the height of the erythrocyte layer.

__________ are the leukocytes responsible for releasing histamine and other mediators of inflammation. A: Neutrophils B: Eosinophils C: Basophils D: Monocytes

C: Basophils

You are about to examine a blood smear from a patient who is suspected of being infected by a parasitic worm. What white blood cells would be present in elevated numbers due to such an infection? A: Basophils B: Lymphocytes C: Eosinophils D: Neutrophils

C: Eosinophils

You are performing an experiment to determine if antibiotics can cure ulcers. You divide 18 25 year olds into two groups. One group is given an antibiotic and one group is given a placebo. Each month, their stomachs are scoped to view the number of ulcers present. Which of the following is the controlled variable? A: antibiotics B: number of ulcers C: age of individuals D: the placebo

C: age of individuals

You are viewing a blood smear and identify a white blood cell with a bilobed nucleus and bright red granules in the cytoplasm. What type of white blood cell are you viewing? A: basophil B: neutrophil C: eosinophil D: lymphocyte E: monocyte

C: eosinophil

Which image shows the type of leukocyte responsible for antibody production? E C B D

D *The leukocyte in image D may directly target pathogens or produce antibodies.

Which of the following types of formed elements is produced when a megakaryocyte fragments? A: Basophil B: Erythrocyte C: Neutrophil D: Platelet E: All of the choices are correct.

D: Platelets

All of the following are true of a hypothesis EXCEPT A: it must be testable B: it must be falsifiable C: it can be either supported or rejected D: it can be proven as true

D: it can be proven as true

The least numerous but largest of all agranulocytes is the __________. A: basophil B: lymphocyte C: neutrophil D: monocyte

D: monocyte

Three types of formed elements found in blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and __________. A: fibers B: electrolytes C: sodium salts D: platelets

D: platelets

You are interested in researching more about ulcers and their treatment with antibiotics. You find a paper through a Google Scholar search. Which section should present the data that was collected over the course of the experiment, as data, charts, graphs, and other figures, as well as in written paragraph form? A: abstract B: introduction C: materials and methods D: results E: discussion

D: results

All of the following are reasons why we hold the most confidence in peer reviewed journal articles, EXCEPT A: they are reviewed by a panel of experts in the specific field of research B: there is a revision process, to ensure that the experiment is theoretically sound C: not all papers are accepted for publication based on the revision process D: they cost more to publish in that non-peer reviewed journals

D: they cost more to publish in that non-peer reviewed journal

All of the following are true of qualitative variables EXCEPT A: they are categorical and discrete B: they can be count data C: they can fall into discrete categories D: they have a specific value associated with them

D: they have a specific value associated with them

You are interested in researching more about ulcers and their treatment with antibiotics. You find a paper through a Google Scholar search. Which section should draw conclusions from the data and state what implications they may have, as well as state whether the hypothesis was supported or refuted? A: abstract B: introduction C: materials and methods D: results E: discussion

E: discussion

True or False: Figures, such as tables and graphs, should have figure numbers and short captions that summarize what they are about

True

True or False: Good experimental design requires the creation of several alternative hypotheses

True

True or False: It's important to think critically and look closely at how the information is presented, even when reading peer reviewed journal articles.

True

True or False: The hypothesis of an experiment is normally stated at the end of the Introduction of a scientific journal article

True

True or False: The independent variable is graphed on the x-axis

True

Components of Blood

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Identify the leukocytes.

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Identify various types of leukocytes from morphological characteristics

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Label leukocytes

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Label white blood cells: Leukocytes

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Major component of blood

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The Metric System Drag the following unit conversions into the appropriate bin.

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The Scientific Method: Summary Starting at the beginning, drag and drop the phases of the Scientific Method in order from left to right.

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The scientific method: data collection Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.

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The scientific method: data collection

[see image] *Qualitative data often consists of words that compare similarities and contrast differences between samples or groups of samples. On the other hand, quantitative data typically consists of numbers with specific units of measure.