ab psych ch. 1

multicultural psychology

the field that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, and gender on behaviors and thoughts, and focuses on how such factors may influence the origin, nature, and treatment of abnormal behavior

How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past? -Greeks & Romans

-Hippocrates believed that abnormal behavior was caused by an imbalance of the four bodily fluids, or humors -more enlightened than Stone Ages

How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past? -19th Century

-Philippe Pinel and moral treatment -Dorothea Dix and US movement to ensure legal rights/ protection for people with mental disorders, to establish state hospitals for their care -late 19th century: mental hospitals became warehouse-like prisons again

How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past? -the Renaissance

-religious shrines became dedicated to the humane treatment of people with mental disorders -rise of asylums by mid-16th century

How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past? -early 20th Century

-somatogenic and psychogenic perspectives -Freud and psychoanalysis

How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past? -Stone Age

-viewed abnormal behavior as the work of evil spirits (demonology) -trephination & exorcisms as treatment

The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: A) culture. B) values. C) norms. D) morality.

C) norms.

A person who is having suicidal thoughts and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality? A) Danger B) Distress C) Deviance D) Dysfunction

A) Danger

If a university had a program designed to help students achieve their full potential, physically, educationally, and spiritually, that program would have elements MOST similar to: A) positive psychology programs. B) deinstitutionalization programs. C) mental health prevention programs. D) outpatient therapy.

A) positive psychology programs.

Morgan hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that: A) distress must always be used to determine abnormality. B) distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal. C) behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal. D) behavior that is not really dangerous can never be considered abnormal.

B) distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal.

The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: A) fewer and fewer people were being sent to mental hospitals. B) hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded. C) all patients needing treatment had to be helped. D) prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased.

B) hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

A theorist who believes that psychological factors are the primary causes of abnormal functioning adheres to the _____ perspective. A) Hippocratic B) psychogenic C) somatogenic D) demonologic

B) psychogenic

The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports which type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning? A) Psychogenic B) Moral C) Somatogenic D) Deterministic

C) Somatogenic

People with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be _____ than they were 50 years ago. A) medicated with psychotropic drugs B) treated in outpatient facilities C) hospitalized in mental institutions D) homeless or in prison

C) hospitalized in mental institutions

One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the: A) move to the community mental health approach. B) decrease in the effectiveness of medications. C) policy of deinstitutionalization. D) decrease in the use of private psychotherapy.

C) policy of deinstitutionalization.

Compared with physical disorders, insurance reimbursement for treatment of mental disorders prior to enactment of the Affordable Care Act was generally: A) about the same. B)higher. C) nonexistent. D) lower.

D) lower.

moral treatment

a nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment

treatment

a systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior. Also called therapy

asylum

a type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most asylums became virtual prisons

humors

according to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning. -yellow bile -black bile -blood -phlegm

trephination

an ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior

private psychotherapy

an arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services

psychotropic medications

drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction

psychoanalysis

either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology

managed care program

health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services

effects of deinstitutionalization

increase in mental health patients ending up homeless or in jails/prisons instead of hospitals

prevention

interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they can develop

psychological causes of abnormality

psychogenic perspective •Clear connection between stress, thoughts, behaviors and mental illness •Impact of past experiences (e.g., trauma) combined with insufficient coping mechanisms •Stress management skills training in both medical and mental health settings

physical causes of abnormality

somatogenic perspective -Brain chemistry approach •Luck of the draw •Medication oriented -Genetics •Studying what causes genes to turn on and off •Risk factor not prognosis -Environment factors •Nutrition -deficiencies, allergies •Toxins -pesticides, heavy metals, mold •Overgrowth -bacteria, virus, parasite

state hospitals

state-run public mental institutions in the US

therapy

systematic process for helping people overcome their psychological problems. Therapy consists of a client (patient), a trained therapist, and a series of contacts between them

deinstitutionalization

the practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals

abnormal psychology

the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

positive psychology

the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities

telemental health

the use of digital technologies to deliver mental health services without the therapist being physically present

somatogenic perspective

the view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes

psychogenic perspective

the view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological

the four D's

•Deviance -Does not follow cultural norms •Distress -Feelings of distress related to symptoms -Not a requirement for a diagnosis •Dysfunction -Interferes with daily functioning -Care for oneself and have social connections •Danger -Harm to self or others