The axial skeleton

Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle

A projection on the mandible. ~ The mandibular condyle is the projection on the mandible that helps form the temporomandibular.

The occipital bone forms part of the:

Cranium

Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

Foramen magnum The foramen magnum is the opening through which the spinal cord passes.

Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?

Mandibular condyle The mandibular condyle of the mandible is a knob like projection that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.

Mandibular condyle ~ The mandibular condyle is a knoblike superior projection. It articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint.

Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view?

Mandibular foramina ~ The mandibular foramina are on the medial side of each ramus

Identify the location of the occipital bone

Posterior surface and base of the cranium

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

Sacral. The sacrum is located below the lumbar region, articulating superiorly with L5 and inferiorly with the coccyx.

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.

Sagittal suture The parietal bones meet at midline on the top of the skull, forming the sagittal suture which runs along the midsagittal plane.

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.

Shallow depression ~ The term fossa refers to a landmark that has a concave surface.

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar ~ The cervical region of the vertebral column is located above the thoracic region, and the lumbar region is found immediately below the thoracic region.

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?

T12 ~ There are 12 thoracic vertebrae. The side of the individual vertebrae increase from the top of the column to the bottom, therefore the last thoracic vertebrae, T12, would be the largest

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region

TRUE. The spinous process of a lumbar vertebra is blunt, not pointed as in the thoracic region or bifid as seen in the cervical region.

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

TRUE. The 5 lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic region and the sacrum, making up the lower back.

axial skeleton

The bones of the head and trunk, forms the longitudinal axis of the body

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Tubercle ~ The tubercle of a rib is located between the neck and shaft of the rib at the proximal end of the bone. It contacts the transverse process at the transverse costal facet.

What bone forms part of the nasal septum?

Vomer ~ The vomer is a thin bone in the nasal cavity forming part of the nasal septum

What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?

Zygomatic bone

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the Demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra

head The head of a rib articulates in a region between 2 thoracic vertebrate, contacting the inferior Demi-facet of the top vertebra, and the superior Demi-facet of the bottom vertebra.

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?

sphenoid bone The sphenoid bone is the large bat shaped bone that spans the floor of the skull

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?

12 ~ Human beings have 12 total thoracic vertebrae. These vertebrae articulate with the ribs (humans have a total of 12 pairs of ribs).

How many ribs make up the rib cage?

24 ~ The rib cage is composed of 12 pairs of ribs, 24 ribs in total. The 12 pairs of ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly.

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?

5 ~ 5 pairs of ribs are false ribs. False ribs either attach to the sternum indirectly by articulating with the costal cartilage of the rib above it, or do not attach to the sternum at all.

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5. Five lumbar vertebrae make up the lower back region.

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

7 There are 7 pairs of true ribs in the human body. True ribs articulate directly with the sternum.

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?

A. Inferior nasal concha B. Zygomatic C. Maxillary D. Ethmoid D. Ethmoid ~ The ethmoid bone forms the area of the cranium between the nasal cavity and the orbits.

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?

A. lacrimal bone B. Sphenoid bone C. Ethmoid bone D. Occipital bone A. Lacrimal bone The lacrimal bone is a tiny bone found in the medial portion of the orbit. Its a facial bone, not part of the cranium.

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

Atlas ~ C1 also known as the Atlas is unique among all vertebrae in that it lacks both a vertebral body nd a spinous process.

What is the name of the cervical vertebrae?

Atlas ~ The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. It's structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas-Axis

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

Axis ~ C2 is known as the axis. It has bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".

Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?

Body

appendicular skeleton

Bones that support and form the limbs

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.

Demi-facet ~ The demi-facets are located on the lateral posterior regions of the bodies of the thoracic vertebral. Together, the superior demi-facet of one vertebra and the inferior demi-facet where the head of a rib articulates with the vertebral column.

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?

Elongated spinous process. An elongated spinous process is characteristic of the thoracic region.

The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

FALSE. The lumbar vertebrae are part of the vertebral column, which is part of the axial skeleton.

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

FALSE. The overall size of the vertebrae increase from the top of the vertebral column to the bottom.

Which of the following bones is unpaired?

Frontal There is only one frontal bone. It forms the anterior portion of the cranium (the forehead region).

Where is the mandibular fossa located?

Inferior surface of the zygomatic process

Identify the small facial bone found in the medial wall of the orbit.

Lacrimal ~ The lacrimal bone along with the sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bones make up the medial wall of the orbit.

Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.

Lambdoid The lambdoid suture is found between the occipital bone and the parietal and temporal bones.

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.

Mandibular fossa ~ The word fossa indicates that this landmark is a depression. The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone forms the socket in which the mandibular condyle of the mandible articulates, forming the temporomandibular joint.

Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.

Mandibular notch The mandibular notch is the name of the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.

The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:

Mandibular ramus ~ The mandibular ramus anchors the two processes.

Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?

Maxillary ~ The fused maxillary bones are known as the maxilla, and form the upper jaw and part of the palate.

Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?

Maxillary bones and palatine bones

Nerves and blood vessels pass through the __________ to reach the chin.

Mental foramina ~ The mental foramina allow blood vessels and nerves to pass to the skin of the chin.

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?

Nasal The sinuses found in the skull are collectively known as the paranasal sinuses because they encircle the nasal cavity. The nasal bones are small tombstone shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose and don't contain sinuses.

Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?

Nasal ~ The 2 tombstone shaped nasal bones are found above the nasal cavity. They form a continuous bony bridge that connects the 2 sides of the face.

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Occipital bone- atlas ~ The pad like

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital condyles

Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column

Occipital condyles The occipital condyles are found on the inferior surface of the skull on either side of foramen magnum. They articulate with the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. This articulation allows us to flex and extend the skull in a nodding "yes" motion.

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

Thoracic. The 12 thoracic vertebrae are found above the 5 lumbar vertebrae in an articulated vertebral column.

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.

Transverse costal facet ~ The transverse costal facet is a slight depression found on the transverse process of a thoracic vertebrae. It contacts the tubercle of a rib as the rib extends laterally.