Abdomen Review

A gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the: a. pancreas b. adrenal gland c. stomach d. spleen

a. pancreas

Which of the following is not a salivary gland? a. thyroid gland b. parotid gland c. submandibular gland d. sublingual gland

a. thyroid gland

The pheochromocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in the

adrenal gland

What is the most common cause of cirrhosis

alcoholism

This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels, muscle, and fat

angiomyolipoma

All of the following are sequela of cirrhosis except: a. Portal vein thrombosis b. Hepatic artery contraction c. Portal hypertension d. Splenomegaly

b. Hepatic artery contraction

Which of the following is not considered to be an intraperitoneal organ? a. liver b. pancreas c. gallbladder d. spleen

b. pancreas

Where is the TIPS shunt placed?

between a portal vein and hepatic vein

The term cholangiocarcinoma denotes

bile duct carcinoma

A 71-year old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and an enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for: a. Acute cholecystitis b. Chronic cholecystitis c. Courvoisier gallbladder d. Porcelain gallbladder

c. Courvoisier gallbladder

Which of the following is a tumor marker that may be used in cases of suspected testicular malignancy? a. BUN b. Creatinine c. Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) d. Calcitonin

c. Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG)

Which of the following is associated with E. granulosus? a. Candidiasis b. Amebic liver abscess c. Hydatid liver cyst d. Hepatocellular carcinoma

c. Hydatid liver cyst

Which of the following is considered to be a malignant testicular neoplasm? a. Neuroblastoma b. Hepatoma c. Yolk sac tumor d. Hamartoma

c. Yolk sac tumor

A nonmobile, nonshadowing focus is seen within the gallbladder lumen. This most likely represents a: a. gallstone b. gallbladder carcinoma c. gallbladder polyp d. sludge ball

c. gallbladder polyp

Which of the following are not considered retroperitoneal organs? a. abdominal lymph nodes b. adrenal glands c. kidneys d. ovaries

c. kidneys

Which of the following has both an endocrine and an exocrine function? a. adrenal glands b. spleen c. pancreas d. duodenum

c. pancreas

Which of the following is not a pediatric malignant tumor? a. hepatoblastoma b. neuroblastoma c. pheochromocytoma d. nephroblastoma

c. pheochromocytoma

An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in: a. rectum b. gallbladder c. spleen d. pancreas

c. spleen

What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract?

cholecystokinin

What makes up the porta hepatis

common bile duct, hepatic artery, main portal vein

The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the

cystic artery

The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the

cystic duct

Which of the following would not be a laboratory finding typically analyzed with suspected gallbladder disease? a. ALP b. ALT c. Bilirubin d. Alpha-Fetoprotein

d. Alpha-Fetoprotein

Which of the following is the most likely clinical finding of adenomyomatosis? a. Murphy sign b. Hepatitis c. Congestive heart failure d. Asymptomatic

d. Asymptomatic

Which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar? a. Hepatoblastoma b. Cavernous hemangioma c. Hamartoma d. Focal nodular hyperplasia

d. Focal nodular hyperplasia

Which of the following laboratory values would be most helpful in evaluating a patient who has suffered from recent trauma? a. WBC count b. Alpha-Fetoprotein c. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) d. Hematocrit

d. Hematocrit

Of the list below, which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ? a. left kidney b. aorta c. IVC d. liver

d. liver

Sonographically, when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative of

fatty liver disease

The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the

fibromuscular layer

Hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder

fills with sludge

Tumefactive sludge can resemble the sonographic appearance of:

gallbladder carcinoma

Empyema of the gallbladder denotes

gallbladder filled with pus

What is/are cholelithiasis?

gallstones

A tumor that consists of a focal collection of blood best describes the

hematoma

Budd-Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the _________ veins

hepatic

What is the name of the space located between the pancreas and the stomach

lesser sac

The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the

ligamentum teres

Shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the

ligamentum venosum

What is a hepatoma?

malignant tumor of the liver

A hepatoblastoma is a

malignant tumor of the pediatric liver

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the

medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

What is the most common form of liver cancer?

metastatic liver disease

The main lobar fissure contains the ________ hepatic vein

middle

The left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by the

middle hepatic vein

The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the

mucosal layer

Focal tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure describes

murphy sign

At which level of the gallbladder is the junctional fold found

neck

What part of the gallbladder is involved in Hartmann pouch

neck

What is another name for the Wilms tumor?

nephroblastoma

retroperitoneal organs are located

outside the peritoneum

The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as

papillary process

These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen

paracolic gutters

A hypernephroma may also be referred to as the

renal cell carcinoma

A tonguelike extension of the right lobe of the liver is termed

riedel lobe

The cystic artery is most often a direct branch of the

right hepatic artery

The right intersegmental fissure contains the

right hepatic vein

The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the

right hepatic vein

The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the

serosal layer

A tumor that consists of tissue from all three germ cell layers is the

teratoma

Normal flow within the hepatic veins is said to be

triphasic

What is a substance produced by a cancerous tumor or an organ or structure in response to cancer?

tumor marker

The diameter of the portal vein should not exceed

13mm or 1.3 cm

The gallbladder wall should not measure more than

3mm

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed

5cm

WES sign denotes

A gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis

Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following locations except: A. Liver B. Renal pelvis C. Urinary bladder D. Ureter

A. Liver

A 32 year old female patient presents to the sonography department with vague abdominal pain. The sonographic investigation of the gallbladder reveals a focal area of gallbladder wall thickening that produces comet tail artifact. These findings are consistent with

Adenomyomatosis

Cholesterol crystals within the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are found with:

Adenomyomatosis

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in the

Adrenal gland

A patient with cholecystitis most likely has an elevation in which of the following labs? A. Alpha-Fetoprotein B. WBC count C. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) D. Chromaffin

B. WBC count

What is refraction?

Bending of the ultrasound beam when it passes through an interface between two tissues with vastly dissimilar speeds of sound and the angle of the approach is not perpendicular

What is an insulinoma?

Benign pancreatic tumor

What form of hepatic abnormality are immunocompromised patients more prone to develop?

Candidiasis

The diffuse polypod appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with

Cholesterolosis

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the

Choriocarcinoma

Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in

Chronic cholecystitis

The spiral valves of Heister are found within the

Cystic duct

Which of the following masses would be most worrisome for malignancy? a. Echogenic mass b. Cystic mass with posterior enhancement c. Isoechoic mass with a central scar d. Hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

D. hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

Diabetic patients suffering from acute cholecystitis have an increased risk for developing

Emphysematous cholecystitis

The champagne sign is associated with

Emphysematous cholecystitis

The sequela of acute cholecystitis that is complicated by gas within the gallbladder wall is

Emphysematous cholecystitis

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cancer is termed

Exudate ascites

Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and absess development within the gallbladder wall describes

Gangrenous cholecystitis

What is the covering of the liver referred to as

Glisson capsule

A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the:

Granuloma

What is considered the most common benign childhood hepatic mass

Hemangioendothelioma

What is the most common reason for a liver transplant?

Hepatitis C

Normal flow toward the liver in the portal veins is termed

Hepatopetal

Right sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the

IVC and hepatic veins

What type of flow is demonstrated within a normal hepatic artery

Low-resistance wave form pattern, with a quick upstroke, and gradual deceleration with diastole

Which structure is a useful landmark for identifying the gallbladder?

Main lobar fissure

The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the

Phrygian cap

What is another name for Morrisons pouch?

Posterior right subhepatic space

With which of the following is Courvoisier gallbladder associated? a. A pancreatic head mass b. A stone in the cystic duct c. Cholecystitis d. Chronic diverticulitis

a. A pancreatic head mass

Which of the following is typically transmitted through contaminated water found in places such as Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, India, and Africa? a. Amebic liver abscess b. Hydatid liver cyst c. Candidiasis d. Hepatoma

a. Amebic liver abscess

Clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include: a. Elevated liver function tests b. Fever c. Fatigue d. Weight loss

a. Elevated liver function

Which hepatic mass is closely associated with oral contraceptive use? a. Hepatic adenoma b. Hepatic hypernephroma c. Hepatic hamartoma d. Hepatic hemangioma

a. Hepatic adenoma

The childhood syndrome Beckwith-Weidemann is associated with an increased risk for developing a. Hepatoblastoma b. Cirrhosis c. Portal hypertension d. Hepatitis

a. Hepatoblastoma

Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of gallstones? a. Phrygian cap b. Pregnancy c. Total parenteral nutrition d. Oral contraceptive use

a. Phrygian cap

Which of the following is associated with cholelithiasis and is characteristically found in Africans or people of African descent? a. Sickle cell disease b. Gallbladder torsion c. Cholesterolosis d. Arland-Berlin syndrome

a. Sickle cell disease