Exam 1 History 1301 (Chap. 1-2)

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John Calvin

A central element of his theology was his belief in predestination

St. Augustine

First European town in present day US

Christopher Columbus

First landed in the New World in the Bahamas, not China or India

James Oglethorpe

Governor of Georgia

Roger Williams

Was banished from Massachusetts because of his strict interpretation of the Puritan faith and founded Rhode Island

Rhode Island

Was called the Sewer of New England because it was so tolerant that they let anyone live there

Peter Stuyvesant

Was governor of New York City

Anne Hutchinson

Was kicked out of Massachusetts for challenging the authority of male ministers

Anasazi

Were not transformed by the arrival of horses

Mestizo

A person of mixed ancestry, Spanish and Native Indian

English Civil War

Affected American colonies by permitting the colonies to essentially govern themselves

Mayas

Around 1500 B.C.E., this group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) began developing large cities, including gigantic pyramids

Pueblo Revolt

As a result, the Spanish were expelled from New Mexico for 12 years

John Mason

Controlled New Hampshire

King Philip's War

Caused by Indian resentment over forced conversions to Christianity

Pennsylvania

Colony that was open to all religious believers

Thomas Hooker

Created Connecticut

Mexica

Deeply spiritual and incorporated human sacrifice into their religious worship

Spanish Armada

Defeated by storms in the North Sea

Slaves

Did not have a long history with Christianity in Africa

Nathanial Bacon

Disliked Gov. Berkeley

Iroquoian

Eastern Woodland Indians that include Cherokees

Roanoke Island

English attempt to establish a colony here resulted in the disappearance of the colonists by Sir Walter Raleigh

John Cabot

English explorer who went to Canada

Maryland

Established in 1634 as a refuge for English Catholics

South Carolina

Established in 1634 as a refuge for English Catholics

Ferdinand and Isabella

Forced Muslims and Jew to either become Christians or leave Spain

Cecilius Calvert

Founded Maryland

William Bradford

Founded Plymouth

Bartolome de Las Casas

He claimed to care about the natives of the New World

Francisco Pizarro

He conquered the Incas

Nathanial Bacon

He led a revolt of the poor against the well-connected and wealthy. He has been called the "Torchbearer of the Revolution." He embodied many of the frustrations felt by the average Virginian at the time.

Henry VIII

He severed ties between the Anglican and Catholic Churches so he could get divorced

Columbian Exchange

Included horses, potatoes, disease, wheat

Cahokia

Large advanced regional center for Mississippian culture

Martin Luther

Launched the Protestant Reformation, in opposition to the Catholic Church because of its sale of indulgences

Sir Edwin Sandys

Lead Virginia and instituted a series of reforms to the save the colony and said Honesty was the best policy

John Winthrop

Led Massachusetts Bay Colony

Ferdinand Magellan

Led the expedition that circumnavigated the globe

Protestant Reformation

More political than because of religious doctrine and played an important role in the colonization of America

Jamestown

Most prosperous crop was tobacco

Middle Passage

One in six captives died during this

English Puritans

Opposed Catholic elements in the Church of England

Religious Colonies

Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maryland, Pennsylvania

Hernan Cortes

Primarily motivated by Aztec gold

Smallpox

Probably killed 1/3 of the entire Native American population of Central America

William Penn

Quaker leader of Pennsylvania

Juan de Onate

Spanish leader in New Mexico who was very brutal to the native population

Calvinism

Stressed a strict moral code rather than tolerance and liberal theology

Amerigo Vespucci

The New World is named after him

New Netherland (2)

The first colony where Jews arrived. England took this colony from the Dutch because it was located at the mouth of the Hudson River

Furs

The first commercially important natural resource in the Indian-English dynamic

Plains tribes

The introduction of horses to this group replaced dogs as beasts of burden

Joint-Stock Company

The point of these is to bring in many investors and spread out the risk among them

Horses

These drastically changed the culture and lives of Plains Indians

Georgia

This colony did not keep slavery out

Virginia

This colony struggled and had many governors before stabilizing, including Berkley

Magna Carta

This gave Englishmen a very well-developed sense of liberty

Right of Discovery

This is used as justification for claimed land in the New World (its like saying FIRST)


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