Exam 1 History 1301 (Chap. 1-2)
John Calvin
A central element of his theology was his belief in predestination
St. Augustine
First European town in present day US
Christopher Columbus
First landed in the New World in the Bahamas, not China or India
James Oglethorpe
Governor of Georgia
Roger Williams
Was banished from Massachusetts because of his strict interpretation of the Puritan faith and founded Rhode Island
Rhode Island
Was called the Sewer of New England because it was so tolerant that they let anyone live there
Peter Stuyvesant
Was governor of New York City
Anne Hutchinson
Was kicked out of Massachusetts for challenging the authority of male ministers
Anasazi
Were not transformed by the arrival of horses
Mestizo
A person of mixed ancestry, Spanish and Native Indian
English Civil War
Affected American colonies by permitting the colonies to essentially govern themselves
Mayas
Around 1500 B.C.E., this group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) began developing large cities, including gigantic pyramids
Pueblo Revolt
As a result, the Spanish were expelled from New Mexico for 12 years
John Mason
Controlled New Hampshire
King Philip's War
Caused by Indian resentment over forced conversions to Christianity
Pennsylvania
Colony that was open to all religious believers
Thomas Hooker
Created Connecticut
Mexica
Deeply spiritual and incorporated human sacrifice into their religious worship
Spanish Armada
Defeated by storms in the North Sea
Slaves
Did not have a long history with Christianity in Africa
Nathanial Bacon
Disliked Gov. Berkeley
Iroquoian
Eastern Woodland Indians that include Cherokees
Roanoke Island
English attempt to establish a colony here resulted in the disappearance of the colonists by Sir Walter Raleigh
John Cabot
English explorer who went to Canada
Maryland
Established in 1634 as a refuge for English Catholics
South Carolina
Established in 1634 as a refuge for English Catholics
Ferdinand and Isabella
Forced Muslims and Jew to either become Christians or leave Spain
Cecilius Calvert
Founded Maryland
William Bradford
Founded Plymouth
Bartolome de Las Casas
He claimed to care about the natives of the New World
Francisco Pizarro
He conquered the Incas
Nathanial Bacon
He led a revolt of the poor against the well-connected and wealthy. He has been called the "Torchbearer of the Revolution." He embodied many of the frustrations felt by the average Virginian at the time.
Henry VIII
He severed ties between the Anglican and Catholic Churches so he could get divorced
Columbian Exchange
Included horses, potatoes, disease, wheat
Cahokia
Large advanced regional center for Mississippian culture
Martin Luther
Launched the Protestant Reformation, in opposition to the Catholic Church because of its sale of indulgences
Sir Edwin Sandys
Lead Virginia and instituted a series of reforms to the save the colony and said Honesty was the best policy
John Winthrop
Led Massachusetts Bay Colony
Ferdinand Magellan
Led the expedition that circumnavigated the globe
Protestant Reformation
More political than because of religious doctrine and played an important role in the colonization of America
Jamestown
Most prosperous crop was tobacco
Middle Passage
One in six captives died during this
English Puritans
Opposed Catholic elements in the Church of England
Religious Colonies
Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maryland, Pennsylvania
Hernan Cortes
Primarily motivated by Aztec gold
Smallpox
Probably killed 1/3 of the entire Native American population of Central America
William Penn
Quaker leader of Pennsylvania
Juan de Onate
Spanish leader in New Mexico who was very brutal to the native population
Calvinism
Stressed a strict moral code rather than tolerance and liberal theology
Amerigo Vespucci
The New World is named after him
New Netherland (2)
The first colony where Jews arrived. England took this colony from the Dutch because it was located at the mouth of the Hudson River
Furs
The first commercially important natural resource in the Indian-English dynamic
Plains tribes
The introduction of horses to this group replaced dogs as beasts of burden
Joint-Stock Company
The point of these is to bring in many investors and spread out the risk among them
Horses
These drastically changed the culture and lives of Plains Indians
Georgia
This colony did not keep slavery out
Virginia
This colony struggled and had many governors before stabilizing, including Berkley
Magna Carta
This gave Englishmen a very well-developed sense of liberty
Right of Discovery
This is used as justification for claimed land in the New World (its like saying FIRST)