Abnormal Psych Exam 2 (Chapter 6)

1. Which of the following is typically associated with an anxious mood? a. Fainting and cramps b. Preoccupation with other people c. Pessimistic thoughts and feelings d. Organization and rehearsal of adaptive responses

Pessimistic thoughts and feelings.

19. Patients who take benzodiazepines for anxiety disorder for extended periods of time may risk... a. Severe disruptions in sleep b. Depressive episodes c. Excessive weight gain d. Physical and psychological dependency

Physical and Psychological Dependency

Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

excessive worry, uncontrollable sequence of negative and emotional thoughts that are concerned with possible future threats or danger, associated with the association of future problems.

Agoraphobia

fear of being in places where escape is difficult, avoidance of open spaces, do not want to leave the house. Most complex and debilitating phobic disorder.

Hemophobia

fear of blood

Claustrophobia

fear of enclosed spaces

Aerophobia

fear of flying on an airplane

Acrophobia

fear of heights

Zoophobia

fear of small animals

Perception of controllability

feelings of lack of control contribute to onset of panic attacks.

Psychoanalytical Psycotherapy

fostering insight regarding the unconscious motives that presumably lie at the heart of the patient's symptoms.

Anxiety

general or diffuse emotional reaction that is out of proportion to threats from the environment

SSRIs

have fewer side effects, withdrawal reactions are less prominent, are most popular.

Cognitive Therapy

identify cognitions that are relevant to their problems, recognize the relation between these thoughts and maladaptive emotional responses. examine evidence that supports or contradicts beliefs. teach clients more useful ways of interpreting events. Decatastrophize: is this the worst thing that could happen in the world?

Specific Phobias

intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Systematic Desenitization

involves the systematic maintained exposure to the feared stimuli, progressive relaxation. changes the association between the feared object and bodily function.

Catastrophic Misinterpretation

misinterpret benign things such as a tingle in the foot. people misinterpret bodily sensation as a catastrophic event.

Attentional Biases

people prone to excessive worrying and panic attacks are unusually sensitive to cues that signal the existence of future threats.

Trichtillomania

recurrent hair-pulling and eyelash pulling.

Benzodiazepines

reduce the many symptoms of anxiety by calming down the mind, heart rate, and breathing rate. Given out sparingly because they could be addictive.

Excoriation Disorder

repeated skin picking, which produces skin lesions.

Compulsions

repetitive, ritualistic behaviors that are aimed at the reduction of anxiety and depress or prevent some dreaded events. are senseless and irrational. the person has to perform the compulsions - tries to resist but cannot.

Obsessions

repetitive, unwanted, intrusive cognitive events that may take form of thoughts, images, or impulses. Appear suddenly and increase anxiety.

Relaxation Skills Training

teaching the client to alternately tense and relax specific muscle groups while breathing slowly. learning to relax.

Fast Pathway

thalamus > amygdala > fight or flight > endocrine glands > autonomic nervous system. For response in immediate danger.

Slow Pathway

thalamus > visual cortex > amygdala. Slow because it goes through cognitive areas of the brain.

Comorbidity

two disorders occurring at the same time.

Hoarding Disorder

unrelenting trouble associated with getting rid of personal belongings.

Tricyclics

used in treating OCD

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

excessive anxiety and worry, trouble controlling the worries. Worries lead to significant distress.

10. Which of the following is appropriately matched? a. Altaphobia: fear of flying b. Acrophobia: fear of heights c. Claustrophobia: fear of open spaces d. Homophobia: fear of insects

Acrophobia: fear of heights

14. Which of the following is NOT an interoceptive exposure technique? a. Run in place b. Breathing through a straw c. Breathing from the diaphragm d. Shake the head from side to side

Breathing from the diaphragm

4. Anxiety disorders are often _____ conditions. a. Extremely short-term b. Chronic c. Acute d. Violent

Chronic

Cued Panic Attack

Expected or occurring only in the presence of a particular stimulus.

13. Flooding refers to the... a. Recovery of repressed memories b. Rebound effect after thought suppression c. Exposure to highly feared objects d. Side effects of antianxiety medications

Exposure to highly feared suppression

6. Systematic desensitization involves... a. Insight in unconscious motivations b. Exposure to the feared item while maintaining relaxation c. Dampening of physiological reactions to medication d. Suppression of phobic thoughts

Exposure to the feared item while maintaining relaxation

9. What are two advantages to treating disorders using SSRIs compared to more traditional medications for anxiety? a. Fewer negative side effects; less likely to develop dependency b. Less likely to develop dependency; less likely to experience sexual impairments c. Less likely to develop dependency; less likely to gain weight d. Fewer side effects; less likely to gain weight

Fewer negative side effects; less likely to develop dependency.

18. Benzodiazepines are most effective for treating... a. Depression b. Agoraphobia c. Generalized anxiety disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

16. Family and genetic studies tell us that compared with relative of people without anxiety disorder, relatives of someone diagnosed with an anxiety disorder are... a. Less susceptible to the disorder b. Not at higher risk for the disorder c. Less likely to have the disorder d. More likely to have the disorder

More likely to have the disorder

17. The long-term outcome for anxiety disorders is best described as _____. a. Mixed and unpredictable b. Predictably poor c. Predictably excellent d. Poor for general anxiety disorders, good for obsessive-compulsive disorder

Mixed and unpredictable

20. By completing rituals, individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder believe they can neutralize the threat of something bad. This behavior is maintained through which of the following behavioral mechanisms? a. Negative reinforcement b. Positive reinforcement c. Stimulus discrimination d. Extinction

Negative Reinforcement

15. Repetitive, unwanted, intrusive cognitive events in the form of thoughts, images, or impulses that intrude suddenly into consciousness are called... a. Phobias b. Disorders c. Obsessions d. Compulsions

Obsessions

12. Exposure and response prevention is most effective in the treatment of? a. Panic attacks b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Social phobias d. Generalized anxiety disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Situational Exposure

Person repeatedly confronts the situations that have been previously avoided.

8. Biofeedback training often combines monitoring of physiological responses with... a. Relaxation training b. Medication c. Self-reports of anxiety levels d. In vivo exposure

Relaxation Training

7. Which of the following drugs is the first-line treatment for panic disorder and social anxiety? a. Antianxiety drugs b. Anticonvulsants c. SSRIs d. Barbiturates

SSRIs

2. Some people suffer from a feeling that a thousand eyes are watching every move they make. In addition, they may be preoccupied with the impression that they make on others, usually assuming it to be negative. As a result, these people may avoid situations in which they will have interact with large numbers of people. How would you categorize this behavior? a. Agoraphobia b. Generalized anxiety disorder c. Panic attack d. Social anxiety disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

3. The struggle to deal with worry and to control our thinking often leads to a process known as ________. a. Self-fulfilling prophecy b. Self-talk c. Thought suppression d. Catastrophic misinterpretation

Thought Supression

True or False: Women are more likely to have anxiety and depression due to neurotransmitter activity, hormones, and response to stressful events.

True

True or False: Anxiety appears to be modestly inheritable. There are two different sets of genes: one for GAD, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Another one for specific disorder.

True.

11. Someone who has panic systems and cannot identify an environmental trigger for the event is most likely experiencing which specific type of attack? a. Situationally bound attack b. Uncued attack c. Situationally cued attack d. False attack

Uncued attack

5. Under what circumstances is a panic attack said to be cued? a. When it occurs without warning or out of the blue b. When it is triggered by imagined, not real dangers c. When it is triggered by real, not imagined dangers d. When it occurs only in predictable situations

When it occurs only in predictable situations

Panic Disorder

a form of anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.

Social Anxiety Disorder

a form of anxiety disorder in which the person is persistently fearful of social situations that might expose him or her to scrutiny of others, such as fear of public speaking.

Excessive Worry

a relatively uncontrollable sequence of negative, emotional thoughts and images that are concerned with possible future threats or danger.

Interoceptive Exposure

aimed at reducing the person's fear of internal, bodily sensations frequently associated with panic. Person tries to make themselves feel like they are having a panic attack to be less afraid of them. Realize that these functions happen without anxiety attached to it.

Obsessive-Compulsive DIsorder

an enduring pattern of thinking and behavior that is characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility.

Fear

an unpleasant emotional reaction experienced in the face of real, immediate danger.

Anxiety Disorder Prevalence

anxiety is more common than any other form of mental disorder. Phobias = 9% of population Social Anxiety = 7% of population Panic Disorder & GAD = 3% Agoraphobia = 1%

Unexpected Panic Attack

appear without warning or expectation, as if "out of the blue."