Abnormal Psych Exam 2 (Chapter 6)
1. Which of the following is typically associated with an anxious mood? a. Fainting and cramps b. Preoccupation with other people c. Pessimistic thoughts and feelings d. Organization and rehearsal of adaptive responses
Pessimistic thoughts and feelings.
19. Patients who take benzodiazepines for anxiety disorder for extended periods of time may risk... a. Severe disruptions in sleep b. Depressive episodes c. Excessive weight gain d. Physical and psychological dependency
Physical and Psychological Dependency
Anxiety Disorder Symptoms
excessive worry, uncontrollable sequence of negative and emotional thoughts that are concerned with possible future threats or danger, associated with the association of future problems.
Agoraphobia
fear of being in places where escape is difficult, avoidance of open spaces, do not want to leave the house. Most complex and debilitating phobic disorder.
Hemophobia
fear of blood
Claustrophobia
fear of enclosed spaces
Aerophobia
fear of flying on an airplane
Acrophobia
fear of heights
Zoophobia
fear of small animals
Perception of controllability
feelings of lack of control contribute to onset of panic attacks.
Psychoanalytical Psycotherapy
fostering insight regarding the unconscious motives that presumably lie at the heart of the patient's symptoms.
Anxiety
general or diffuse emotional reaction that is out of proportion to threats from the environment
SSRIs
have fewer side effects, withdrawal reactions are less prominent, are most popular.
Cognitive Therapy
identify cognitions that are relevant to their problems, recognize the relation between these thoughts and maladaptive emotional responses. examine evidence that supports or contradicts beliefs. teach clients more useful ways of interpreting events. Decatastrophize: is this the worst thing that could happen in the world?
Specific Phobias
intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
Systematic Desenitization
involves the systematic maintained exposure to the feared stimuli, progressive relaxation. changes the association between the feared object and bodily function.
Catastrophic Misinterpretation
misinterpret benign things such as a tingle in the foot. people misinterpret bodily sensation as a catastrophic event.
Attentional Biases
people prone to excessive worrying and panic attacks are unusually sensitive to cues that signal the existence of future threats.
Trichtillomania
recurrent hair-pulling and eyelash pulling.
Benzodiazepines
reduce the many symptoms of anxiety by calming down the mind, heart rate, and breathing rate. Given out sparingly because they could be addictive.
Excoriation Disorder
repeated skin picking, which produces skin lesions.
Compulsions
repetitive, ritualistic behaviors that are aimed at the reduction of anxiety and depress or prevent some dreaded events. are senseless and irrational. the person has to perform the compulsions - tries to resist but cannot.
Obsessions
repetitive, unwanted, intrusive cognitive events that may take form of thoughts, images, or impulses. Appear suddenly and increase anxiety.
Relaxation Skills Training
teaching the client to alternately tense and relax specific muscle groups while breathing slowly. learning to relax.
Fast Pathway
thalamus > amygdala > fight or flight > endocrine glands > autonomic nervous system. For response in immediate danger.
Slow Pathway
thalamus > visual cortex > amygdala. Slow because it goes through cognitive areas of the brain.
Comorbidity
two disorders occurring at the same time.
Hoarding Disorder
unrelenting trouble associated with getting rid of personal belongings.
Tricyclics
used in treating OCD
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
excessive anxiety and worry, trouble controlling the worries. Worries lead to significant distress.
10. Which of the following is appropriately matched? a. Altaphobia: fear of flying b. Acrophobia: fear of heights c. Claustrophobia: fear of open spaces d. Homophobia: fear of insects
Acrophobia: fear of heights
14. Which of the following is NOT an interoceptive exposure technique? a. Run in place b. Breathing through a straw c. Breathing from the diaphragm d. Shake the head from side to side
Breathing from the diaphragm
4. Anxiety disorders are often _____ conditions. a. Extremely short-term b. Chronic c. Acute d. Violent
Chronic
Cued Panic Attack
Expected or occurring only in the presence of a particular stimulus.
13. Flooding refers to the... a. Recovery of repressed memories b. Rebound effect after thought suppression c. Exposure to highly feared objects d. Side effects of antianxiety medications
Exposure to highly feared suppression
6. Systematic desensitization involves... a. Insight in unconscious motivations b. Exposure to the feared item while maintaining relaxation c. Dampening of physiological reactions to medication d. Suppression of phobic thoughts
Exposure to the feared item while maintaining relaxation
9. What are two advantages to treating disorders using SSRIs compared to more traditional medications for anxiety? a. Fewer negative side effects; less likely to develop dependency b. Less likely to develop dependency; less likely to experience sexual impairments c. Less likely to develop dependency; less likely to gain weight d. Fewer side effects; less likely to gain weight
Fewer negative side effects; less likely to develop dependency.
18. Benzodiazepines are most effective for treating... a. Depression b. Agoraphobia c. Generalized anxiety disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
16. Family and genetic studies tell us that compared with relative of people without anxiety disorder, relatives of someone diagnosed with an anxiety disorder are... a. Less susceptible to the disorder b. Not at higher risk for the disorder c. Less likely to have the disorder d. More likely to have the disorder
More likely to have the disorder
17. The long-term outcome for anxiety disorders is best described as _____. a. Mixed and unpredictable b. Predictably poor c. Predictably excellent d. Poor for general anxiety disorders, good for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Mixed and unpredictable
20. By completing rituals, individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder believe they can neutralize the threat of something bad. This behavior is maintained through which of the following behavioral mechanisms? a. Negative reinforcement b. Positive reinforcement c. Stimulus discrimination d. Extinction
Negative Reinforcement
15. Repetitive, unwanted, intrusive cognitive events in the form of thoughts, images, or impulses that intrude suddenly into consciousness are called... a. Phobias b. Disorders c. Obsessions d. Compulsions
Obsessions
12. Exposure and response prevention is most effective in the treatment of? a. Panic attacks b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Social phobias d. Generalized anxiety disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Situational Exposure
Person repeatedly confronts the situations that have been previously avoided.
8. Biofeedback training often combines monitoring of physiological responses with... a. Relaxation training b. Medication c. Self-reports of anxiety levels d. In vivo exposure
Relaxation Training
7. Which of the following drugs is the first-line treatment for panic disorder and social anxiety? a. Antianxiety drugs b. Anticonvulsants c. SSRIs d. Barbiturates
SSRIs
2. Some people suffer from a feeling that a thousand eyes are watching every move they make. In addition, they may be preoccupied with the impression that they make on others, usually assuming it to be negative. As a result, these people may avoid situations in which they will have interact with large numbers of people. How would you categorize this behavior? a. Agoraphobia b. Generalized anxiety disorder c. Panic attack d. Social anxiety disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder
3. The struggle to deal with worry and to control our thinking often leads to a process known as ________. a. Self-fulfilling prophecy b. Self-talk c. Thought suppression d. Catastrophic misinterpretation
Thought Supression
True or False: Women are more likely to have anxiety and depression due to neurotransmitter activity, hormones, and response to stressful events.
True
True or False: Anxiety appears to be modestly inheritable. There are two different sets of genes: one for GAD, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Another one for specific disorder.
True.
11. Someone who has panic systems and cannot identify an environmental trigger for the event is most likely experiencing which specific type of attack? a. Situationally bound attack b. Uncued attack c. Situationally cued attack d. False attack
Uncued attack
5. Under what circumstances is a panic attack said to be cued? a. When it occurs without warning or out of the blue b. When it is triggered by imagined, not real dangers c. When it is triggered by real, not imagined dangers d. When it occurs only in predictable situations
When it occurs only in predictable situations
Panic Disorder
a form of anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.
Social Anxiety Disorder
a form of anxiety disorder in which the person is persistently fearful of social situations that might expose him or her to scrutiny of others, such as fear of public speaking.
Excessive Worry
a relatively uncontrollable sequence of negative, emotional thoughts and images that are concerned with possible future threats or danger.
Interoceptive Exposure
aimed at reducing the person's fear of internal, bodily sensations frequently associated with panic. Person tries to make themselves feel like they are having a panic attack to be less afraid of them. Realize that these functions happen without anxiety attached to it.
Obsessive-Compulsive DIsorder
an enduring pattern of thinking and behavior that is characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility.
Fear
an unpleasant emotional reaction experienced in the face of real, immediate danger.
Anxiety Disorder Prevalence
anxiety is more common than any other form of mental disorder. Phobias = 9% of population Social Anxiety = 7% of population Panic Disorder & GAD = 3% Agoraphobia = 1%
Unexpected Panic Attack
appear without warning or expectation, as if "out of the blue."