chemistry chapter 17.1 a state of dynamic balance
what does the rate of reactions depend on
concentration of the reactants
decrease in concentration of reactants causes what
rate of forward reactants to slow
rate forward reaction =?
rate reverse reaction
define heterogenous equilibrum
reactants and products are in different physical state
negative sign for triangle G degree indicates what
reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions
what are certain characteristics of a chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium
reaction must take place in closed system, temperature must remain constant, all reactants and products are present and in constant dynamic motion
reactants in reverse reaction are on what side of equation
right of the arrows
define chemical equilibrium
state in which forward and reverse reactions balance each other because they take place at equal rates
what does the word equilibrium mean
that opposing processes are in balance
if reactants are not all consumed then...
the amount of products produced is less than the amount predicted by the balancing chemical equation
a numerically large keq means what
the equilibrium mixture contains more products than reactants
do most reactions go to completion
no
does concentrations being constant mean they're equal
no
when is the value of keq constant
only at specified temperatures
when do chemists say a reaction goes to completion
when a reaction results in an almost complete conversion of reactants to products
majority of reactions reach what
a state of equilibrium with some of the reactants unconsumed
what is the general equation for reaction at equilibrium
aA + bB reversible cC + dD
equilibroum is a state of what
action
define homogenous equilbirum
all the reactants and products are in the same physical state
what is chemical equilibrium described by
an equilibrium constant expression called keq
each set of equilibrium vonvrntrations represent what
an equilibrium position
define law of chemical equilibrium
at given temperature chemical system reaches a state where a particular ratio of product to reactant is constant
why do reactions appear to stop
because they are reversible
define reversible reaction
chemical reaction that can occur in both the forward and reverse directions
at equilibrium the concentrations of reactants and products are...
constant
as reaction proceeds what happens to rate of forward reaction
continues to decrease and the rate of the reverse reaction continues to increase until the two rates are equal
equilibirum is _____ not _____
dynamic, static
what do equilibrium systems have a limited number of
equilbrium positions
chemical reactions often reach what
equilibrium
a numerically small keq means what
equilibrium mixture contains more reactants than products
Ammonia is important in agriculture as what
fertilizer
what do equilibrium positions depend on
initial concentrations of reactants and products
what letters is equilibrium constant defined by
keq
if law of chemical equilibrium is applied to this reaction what ratio is obtained
keq = Cc Dd /Aa Bb
deifne equlibirum constant
keq ratio
the reactants in the forward reaction are on what side of the equation
left of the arrows
some chemical systems have what
little tendency to react
are spontaneous reactions always fast
no
