Abnormal Psych Exam 3
The average victim of anorexia nervosa is ______ percent below normal body weight.
25%
According to the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at any point in time _____ percent of high school females are attempting to lose weight, as compared with _____ percent of males.
44/15
About ____ percent of people with anorexia nervosa are estimated to die of starvation, suicide, or medical complications stemming from their extreme weight loss.
5
In the long term treatment of alcoholic patients, SSRIs
Can be helpful with patients who also have a diagnosis of major depression
THC is the active ingredient in marijuana. It produces a sense of euphoria by stimulating
Cannabinoid receptors, thereby activating the dopamine reward system
What drug is commonly used around the world due to its widespread level of availibility?
Cannabis
Select the statement that is FALSE about cocaine.
Cocaine, although powerful in effect, is not highly addictive
Which therapy involves changing behavior and maladaptive styles of thinking?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
The U.S. Congress and all 50 states have passed laws that are intended to protect society from people who have been convicted of violent or repeated sexual offenses. One set of laws, sometimes called Megan's laws, are actually called
Community notification laws
Compared to families of individuals with anorexia nervosa, which of the following are you most likely to find in families of individuals with bulimia nervosa?
Conflict and Rejection
According to DSM-V, the central features of all paraphilias are persistent sexual urges and fantasies that are associated with all of the following EXCEPT _____.
Consenting adults
Research indicates that _____ largely influence the development of eating disorders, particularly in young women in the U.S.
Cultural standards on beauty and thinness
Which of the following is NOT considered a potential benefit of the medical use of marijuana?
Cure for erectile disorder
A woman experiences persistent pain in her vagina during and after sexual intercourse. The pain is mild, but it is consistently present when she is having sex with her male partner. What sexual dysfunction is she likely experiencing?
Dyspareunia
Efforts to understand the relationship between depression and eating disorders have focused on which of the following depressive symptoms?
Low self-esteem
Alan, a sex offender receiving therapy, underwent covert sensitization in which he was
Made to feel sick while looking at a sexual stimulus
What does the feminist perspective on rape emphasize?
Male aggression and violence
Differentiate between the various areas of the brain listed below. What area of the brain connecting the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens is considered a primary circuit to "reward pathways," and therefore, plays an important role in the biological basis of addiction
Medial forebrain bundle
The rates at which binge eating disorder occurs in the general population make it the ___________________________ of all eating disorders in DSM-5.
Most frequently occurring
Heave marijuana use have been associated with functional impariments such as memory loss and diffiuculty with attention, learning skills, and
Motor movement
Antidepressant therapy in treating bulimia _______.
Must be used in conjunction with another form of treatment
Psychological factors such as ___________________ may be associated with sexual dysfunction in both men and women.
Negative mood states
Before the early 20th century, the purpose of sexual behavior was considered to be _______.
Only for biological reproduction
The A&E cable channel is presenting the biography of Dr. Hilde Bruch. The presentation includes interviews with Dr. Burch, who is asked to explain her theory of the development of eating disorders. What does she say?
Overly compliant young women use dieting as a means to wrest some control from their parents
A person with a paraphilia that entails recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a young child is suffering from
Pedophilia
Substance use by __________ are the most robust predictors for adolescemt alcohol or drug use.
Peers and parents
What can we conclude from the ease with which pseudohermaphrodites adopt a male gender identity at adolescence?
Prenatal hormones affect later gender identity
Which of the following is a function of the integrated reward system?
Psychomotor activation effect
A female friend of yours is expressing great concern about the possibility that she might one day encounter an exhibitionist. To help her deal with her fears, you tell her that exhibitionists
Rarely touch or otherwise molest their victims
Which of the following IS NOT a treatment strategy used for eating disorders?
Rational renutrition
One approach to the treatment of paraphilias involves drugs that
Reduce the levels of testosterone
What typically happens when antidepressant medication used to treat bulimia nervosa is discontinued by the patient?
Relapse is often common
The families of drugs that include barbiturates and benzodiazepines are also known informally as
Sedatives
Genetic factors in the cause of alcohol abuse could be somewhat indirect. It has been suggested, for example, that genes that influence __________________ may cause a person to be more likely to risk alcohol dependence.
Sensation seeking
What is the central problem in paraphilias?
Sexual arousal is detached from a reciprocal, loving adult relationship
An extreme aversion to and avoidance of all (or almost all) genital contact with a partner would be diagnosed under
Sexual dysfunction
You have come to the part of your Abnormal Psychology textbook that covers the sexual dysfunctions, where there are several case studies presented. Which of the following might well be the subject of one of those cases?
Someone whose sexual desire is inhibited
What is the primary characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
Starving oneself
Marina complains of feeling out-of-control after eating a slice of toast. In an eating disorder paradigm, this behavior would be termed a
Subjective binge
Your friend missed work and has serious family difficulties becuase he uses drugs. Howeverm he is not addicted to drugs. What DSM-5 diagnosis should be made in this case?
Substance use disorder
In addition to pharmacological treatment, what less frequent treatment is used for erectile dysfunction?
Surgical implants
In order to understand the biological nature of dependence, researchers must study how drugs affect ____.
The brain
What have researchers found concerning the relationship between eating disorders and an individual's report of sexual abuse?
The rate of reports of sexual abuse among those with eating disorders is similar to that found in other pathologies
What is a weight set point?
The small interval around which the body attempts to maintain its weight
Why are cocaine and amphetamines called stimulant drugs?
They activate the sympathetic nervous system
What did Bach and his colleagues find concerning sexual dysfunction in men?
They experienced negative emotions when aroused in the presence of erotic stimuli
How do cocaine and amphetamines lead to hallucinations, delusicions, and paranoia?
They increase dopamine and norepinephrine
Which is most accurate with regard to why the purging and nonpurging subtypes of bulimia nervosa were removed from DSM-5?
They were not supported by the research
Which of the following is one of the primary goals that the treatment of anorexia focuses on?
To address broader eating and personal difficulties
Both at college and at home, Bob uses illicit drugs only "socially." his use does not produce problems with his social, educational, or occupational functioning. Bob's behavior constitutes substance
Use
At the mental health center, a young man will begin what is called motivational interviewing. What can this man expect during the session that will follow?
Using a nonconfrontational approach, an interviewer will help him to resolve his ambivalence about using drugs and to make a definite commitment to change
Certain segments of the population have higher rates of anorexia nervosa than others. Which of the following segments would potentially have the highest rates of the disorder?
Workers in the entertainment industry
Alcohol dependence is seen most often in __________ and least often in ___________.
Young adults; the elderly
Which of the following findings seems to support Hilde Bruch's view of the etiology of eating disorders?
Young women with eating disorders tend to set unrealistic, perfectionistic goals.
Which of the following is an example of psychological dependence on alcohol?
Drinking to relieve negative moods
Rebecca is trying to recover from alcoholism. Her therapist is attempting to help her reduce the abstinence violation effect. This is a problem for Rebecca because as soon as she has even a small drink, she thinks,
"I've messed up; I may as well go ahead and get drunk."
Detoxification is a process of systematic and supervised withdrawal from substance use that is either managed in a residential setting or on an outpatient basis. Drug use during detoxification can take which of the following forms?
- Help reduce withdrawal symptoms - Prevent relapse - To wean a user onto a weaker substance
People who stop taking relatively high doses of benzodiazepines can experience an abrupt return of the original anxiety they were using the drugs to suppress. This is called
A Discontinuance Syndrome
The heritability of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa indicates that there appears to be
A genetic component to both disorders
Compared with anorexia nervosa patients, persons diagnosed with bulimia nervosa have
A lower risk of mortality
Tom finally quit smoking 6 months ago after having a heart attack. After a long recovery, he was invited out by a group of old high school buddies. During the course of the evening, Tom smoked a few cigarettes. The next morning, he boguht a pack of "low tar" cigarettes, thinking to himself, "I just can't break the habit." This illustrates the
Abstinence violation effect
In approaching the treatment of anorexia nervosa, a multidisciplinary team first
Addresses weight restoration
According to the World Health Organization, ___________ use was responsible for 5 percent of the total burden of disease and disability worldwide in 2004
Alcohol
The workgroup that prepared the definition of substance use disorders that is used in DSM-5 collapsed substance dependence and substance abuse into a single disorder with a continuous range of severity. In the case of alcohol, this disorder is called
Alcohol use disorder
The _____ and _____ in the brain seem to be particularly involved with paraphilic behaviors.
Amygdala; Hippocampus
What psychiatric disorder has the highest mortality rate?
Anorexia nervosa
Noreen is an alcoholic who has successfully completed detoxification. She is now taking a drug that causes her to become nauseous, swear profusely, and have an increased heart rate if she ingests alcohol. What medication is Noreen taking?
Antabuse
The most effective treatments for bulimia nervosa include ___________, cognitive behavior therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy.
Antidepressant medication
Obese people with binge eating disorders differ from obese persons without the disorder in that the former
Are more likely to have associated depression and anxiety disorders
Which of the following might a person suffering from alcohol withdrawal delirium experience?
Auditory hallucinations
In order to help cure his alcohol addiction, Jason was given an electric shock each time he consumed a drop of alcohol. This form of therapy is known as
Aversion therapy
A cognitive psychologist is proposing a study of the effectiveness of several forms of therapy for treating anorexia nervosa. She sends her proposal to the ethics committee for review. Although the committee approves the proposal from an ethics standpoint, one of the committee members writes her a note saying, "Be aware of the allegiance effect." What will this note mean to the psychologist in regard to her proposal?
Because she is a cognitive therapist she is more likely to find that form of therapy to be the most successful
In one type of tolerance, cues that are regularly associated with the administration of a drug begin to function as conditioned stimuli and elicit a conditioned response that is opposite in direction to the natural effect of the drug in the process of __________ conditioning.
Behavioral
Which category of drugs is made up of those used to treat anxiety disorders and sleeping problems?
Benzodiazepines
Instead of having two cookies, Michelle would eat an entire box of cookies. She didn't eat a single serving of chips, but the whole family-size bag. This is an example of a
Binge
Which of the following is TRUE of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
Both disorders involve a purging subtype
________is often hard to recognize because individuals tend to maintain a normal weight
Bulimia Nervosa
Studies that have examined the specific nature of alcohol expectancies have found that people expect alcohol to do all of the following EXCEPT_______.
Decrease power and aggression
Researchers are finding an increased rate of which mental disorders in both victims of eating disorders and their family members?
Depression
Which psychological problem often occurs with bulimia nervosa?
Depression
Barbiturates pose a death risk because of rapid tolerance and risk of overdose. This is the result of
Depression of the brain's respiratory center
About 5% of people with anorexia nervosa _____.
Die of starvation, suicide, or medical complications
Which of the following is likely to be experienced while under the influence of MDMA, also known as ecstasy?
Difficulty regulating body temperature
A ______ study is a research study in which neither the patient nor the therapist knows if the patient is receiving the treatment in question of the placebo.
Double blind
What tends to be a maintaining factor in eating disorders?
Engaging in body checking behaviors
Which of the following is considered to be a "high victim" sexual behavior?
Exhibitionistic disorder
In bulimia nervosa, binges are usually terminated because the person runs out of food, is interrupted by someone, or
Experiences a strong urge to purge
Anorexic patients take great pride in their ___________, whereas bulimic patients continually feel like failures in this area.
Extreme self-control
Sam is looking for a job to earn money and put him near the stimuli he uses to achieve sexual excitement. He is offered what he views as the "ideal job" at a shoe store; but he is fired when his interactions with customers provide evidence that he has a paraphilia known as
Fetishism
Danny has a long history of alcohol abuse. He prefers whiskey and drinks it daily. When he was jailed for several days after an arrest for DWI, he began to experience tingling sensations over his body that felt like "a million ants scurrying over his skin." Knowing Danny's excessive consumption of alcohol, what might this unusual sensation be labeled?
Formication
Despite affecting many neurotransmitters, alcohol has a particularly powerful effect on the neurotransmitter
GABA
Several genes that affect the reception of which neurotransmitter have been seen to correlate with the risk of alcohol dependence?
GABA
Culturally-defined characteristics and behaviors that indicate what is "masculine" or "feminine" are called _____.
Gender Roles
The differences in eating disorders between women and men are likely due to _____ and _____.
Gender roles; standards of beauty
Despite the fact that hallucinogens are not physically addictive and do not produce the classic withdrawal symptoms, their use may result in
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
Relapse prevention is a treatment that uses functional analysis to
Identify antecedents and consequences of drug use
The frequency of eating disorders has ______ since the 1960s and 1970s.
Increased
Nina is a patient with anorexia. While participating in a study, it was noted that Nina pays much more attention to her appearance than to her internal cues and emotional states. What is Nina lacking?
Introceptive awareness
Select the statement below that is TRUE of bulimia nervosa.
It is a more "modern" phenomenon than anorexia nervosa
Which of the following is TRUE of the course of anorexia nervosa as a disorder?
It may often include periods of relapse and remission