Abnormal Psychology Chapter 7

The estimated heritability for OCD ranges from __________ to __________ percent. a) 10; 20 b) 40; 50 c) 60; 80 d) 90; 100

b) 40; 50

What is considered the most commonly used medications for OCD a) Anti-Psychotics b) Anti-depressants c) Neuroleptics d) Anti-Convulsants

b) Anti-depressants

__________ involves immediate treatment of trauma victims within 72 hours of the traumatic event. a) Emergency therapy b) Critical incident stress debriefing c) Victim distancing therapy d) All of the above

b) Critical incident stress debriefing

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exposure and ritual prevention treatment for OCD? a) It is considered the first-line treatment approach. b) It is especially effective when hoarding is present. c) It is very intensive, causing as many as 25% of patients to refuse treatment. d) It is at least partially effective for over half of the patients treated.

b) It is especially effective when hoarding is present.

Extreme response to a severe stressor that includes increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associate with an event, and symptoms of increase arousal are symptoms of which disorder? a) OCD b) PTSD c) BDD d) MDD

b) PTSD

All of the following are common rituals associated with OCD EXCEPT a) Mental rituals. b) Singing. c) Checking. d) Decontamination.

b) Singing.

Approximately one-third of people with hoarding disorder also engage in a) food hoarding. b) animal hoarding. c) collectibles hoarding. d) all of the above.

b) animal hoarding.

People who compulsively check their appearance and spend countless hours staring at themselves in the mirror will likely be diagnosed as having a) obsessive-compulsive disorder b) body dysmorphic disorder c) generalized anxiety disorder d) specific phobia

b) body dysmorphic disorder

The initial fear in PTSD is assumed to arise from __________ a) operant conditioning. b) classical conditioning. c) mental conditioning. d) body conditioning.

b) classical conditioning.

Which of the following treatments has been shown to be more effective than either medication or supportive psychotherapy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder? a) progressive muscle relaxation b) exposure treatment c) EMDR d) group psychotherapy with other trauma victims

b) exposure treatment

When the person deliberately remembers the event in therapy, it is called a) treatment exposure. b) imaginal exposure. c) cruel treatment. d) reactivation treatment.

b) imaginal exposure.

. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) a) is the best treatment available for PTSD. b) is very controversial. c) has been empirically proven to work better than exposure or cognitive therapy. d) is supported by strong theoretical explanations.

b) is very controversial.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exposure and ritual prevention treatment for OCD? a) it is considered the first-line treatment approach. b) it is especially effective when hoarding is present. c) it is very intensive, causing as many as 25% of patients to refuse treatment. d) it is at least partially effective for over half of the patients treated.

b) it is especially effective when hoarding is present.

One way in which the DSM-5 differs from the DSM-IV-TR is that the DSM-5 a) makes OCD and trauma-related disorders part of the anxiety disorders category. b) makes OCD and trauma-related disorders their own category. c) eliminates OCD and trauma-related disorders. d) none of the above.

b) makes OCD and trauma-related disorders their own category.

OCD tends to be a) more common in men than in women. b) more common in women than in men. c) as common in men as it is in women. d) most common in older men.

b) more common in women than in men.

In more religious cultures, obsessions involved in OCD are a) less prevalent than in less religious cultures. b) more likely to involve religious themes. c) considered blasphemous. d) more likely to involve themes of identity.

b) more likely to involve religious themes.

Behavior models of the etiology for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders emphasize a) classical conditioning. b) operant conditioning. c) punishment. d) stimulus-response relationships.

b) operant conditioning.

Behavioral models consider compulsions to be a) classically conditioned responses. b) operantly conditioned responses. c) a result of suppressed obsessions. d) related to deficient locus coeruleus activity.

b) operantly conditioned responses.

Which of the following is NOT a likely comorbid diagnosis for those with PTSD? a) major depression b) social anxiety disorder c) substance abuse d) other anxiety disorders

b) social anxiety disorder

The most common foci for obsessions include all of the following EXCEPT a) contamination. b) travel. c) sexual or aggressive impulses. d) symmetry or order.

b) travel.

People diagnosed as having body dysmorphic disorder are more attuned to a) facial symmetry b) attractiveness c) distortions d) both a and b

d) both a and b

. All of the following brain regions are involved in OCD EXCEPT: a) orbitofrontal cortex b) caudate nucleus c) anterior cingulate d) cerebellum

d) cerebellum

Which of the following is NOT one of the DSM-5 categories for PTSD? a) intrusively re-experiencing the traumatic event b) avoidance of stimuli associated with the event c) mood and cognitive changes following the trauma d) forgetfulness and disorientation following the trauma

d) forgetfulness and disorientation following the trauma

As with the anxiety disorders, PTSD appears to be related to a greater activation of the amygdala and diminished activation of the a) temporal lobes. b) occipital lobes. c) frontal cortex. d) medial prefrontal cortex.

d) medial prefrontal cortex.

Which of the following disorders is NOT part of the DSM-5's OC-related and trauma-related disorders chapter? a) body dysmorphic disorder b) hoarding disorder c) obsessive-compulsive disorder d) panic disorder

d) panic disorder

Substantial evidence shows that symptoms of OCD are a) adaptive. b) related to over-activity in the locus coeruleus. c) a result of increased worry. d) related to over activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate.

d) related to over activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate.

Irritable or aggressive behavior, reckless or self-destructive behavior, difficulty falling or staying asleep, and hyper-vigilance are all symptoms associated with the DSM-5's ___________ category of PTSD. a) intrusively re-experiencing the traumatic event b) avoidance of stimuli associated with the event c) mood and cognitive changes following the trauma d) symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity

d) symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity

Approximately __________ percent of people diagnosed as having body dysmorphic disorder are unable to work. a) 10 b) 25 c) 40 d) 65

c) 40

59. __________ therapy is designed to help victims of rape and childhood sexual abuse to dispute tendencies towards self-blame. a) Exposure b) Imaginal exposure c) Cognitive processing d) None of the above

c) Cognitive processing

Acute stress disorder differs from PTSD in that the symptoms a) are more severe. b) last longer. c) last only a short period of time. d) are hard to define.

c) last only a short period of time.

True or False: EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing

True

True or False: ERP stands for exposure and response prevention

True

True or False: PTSD stands for post-traumatic stress disorder

True

True or False? Hoarding Disorder is commonly comorbid with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

True

Rather than being considered part of the avoidance cluster of symptoms, the DSM-5 considers numbing symptoms such as feeling distant from others to be part of the ___________ category. a) Negative alterations in cognition and mood b) Re-experiencing the trauma c) Increased social withdrawal d) Decreased arousal and increased reactivity

a) Negative alterations in cognition and mood

People diagnosed as having hoarding disorder or body dysmorphic disorder probably had a relative with a) OCD. b) social anxiety disorder. c) mood disorder. d) identity disorder.

a) OCD.

Feeling removed from one's body or one's emotions, or being unable to remember an event, is predictive of a) PTSD. b) OCD. c) GAD. d) all of the above.

a) PTSD.

Which of the following symptoms is not part of the diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder? a) Perceived flaw or flaws in the appearance of the home or workplace. b) Difficulty discarding items regardless of their value. c) Compromise in the usefulness of living spaces due to the accumulation of possessions. d) Distress when thinking about discarding useless items.

a) Perceived flaw or flaws in the appearance of the home or workplace.

Symptoms of PTSD are grouped into which of the following major categories? a) Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, negative alterations in mood or cognition, and increased arousal or reactivity b) Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, and anxiety c) Hypervigilance, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, and exaggerated startle response d) Avoidance of stimuli associated with event, symptoms of increased arousal, and symptoms of suicidality

a) Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, negative alterations in mood or cognition, and increased arousal or reactivity

In PTSD, criteria for negative alterations in mood or cognition include all of these except: a) Social withdrawal in women b) More frequent negative mood in children c) Blaming others d) Inability to recall specific aspects of the trauma

a) Social withdrawal in women

In spite of strong ethics that would prevent it, Tony experiences recurrent and unwanted thoughts that he might behave inappropriately toward a supervisor at work. To be given a diagnosis of OCD, he must also: a) actively attempt to ignore the thoughts. b) engage in a superstitious ritual to prevent the behavior from occurring. c) be unaware that the worry about behaving in such a way is irrational. d) have difficulty discarding possessions regardless of their value.

a) actively attempt to ignore the thoughts.

The DSM-5 divides symptoms for PTSD into __________ categories. a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8

b) 4

True or False: OCD stands for obsessive complete disorder

False

True or False: SSRI stands for Static Serotonin

False

40. Iris was in an automobile accident. She goes to a psychologist a week after the accident. If she is experiencing nightmares, flashbacks, and headaches, and is ruminating about the accident, she will likely receive which diagnosis? a) acute stress disorder b) generalized anxiety disorder c) posttraumatic stress disorder d) anxiety disorder not otherwise specified

a) acute stress disorder

Risk factors for PTSD risk factors for __________ a) anxiety disorders. b) somatoform disorders. c) mood disorders. d) sexual disorders.

a) anxiety disorders.

Confronting one's worst fears, such as contamination by dirty objects, is used during a) exposure response prevention therapy. b) psychoanalysis. c) classical conditioning. d) interpersonal therapy.

a) exposure response prevention therapy.

__________ is the primary treatment for PTSD. a) exposure treatment b) flooding c) classical conditioning d) affective rehearsal treatment

a) exposure treatment

Symptoms and outcomes of body dysmorphic disorder may be common across cultures, but __________ tends to differ. a) focus on specific body parts b) number of body parts c) frequency of checking behaviors d) there are no differences across cultures

a) focus on specific body parts

The compulsive need to acquire objects and the inability to discard any objects is known as a) hoarding disorder. b) collecting disorder. c) refuse disorder. d) none of the above.

a) hoarding disorder.

Efforts to inhibit obsessive thoughts a) may increase obsessional thinking and negative mood. b) may be a helpful strategy for obsessive-compulsives to use. c) result in other problems, such as stress-induced illnesses. d) are easier if a significant other is involved to encourage and reinforce the suppression of obsessive thoughts.

a) may increase obsessional thinking and negative mood.

A study of compulsive checkers (people who continually check to see if they have done something such as turning off the stove) found that these individuals a) mistrust their memory for actions they have performed. b) are likely to confront sources of threat. c) are more likely to live alone. d) have a vulnerability schema.

a) mistrust their memory for actions they have performed.

Taken as a whole, the criteria for Acute Stress Disorder and the criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder are __________ in the DSM-5 than in the DSM-IV-TR. a) more similar b) more distinct c) particularly different in terms of severity of symptoms d) unchanged

a) more similar

Once the fear is established in PTSD what helps to maintain the fear a) operant conditioning. b) classical conditioning. c) mental conditioning. d) body conditioning.

a) operant conditioning.

The two-factor model of conditioning for PTSD involves classical conditioning and a) operant conditioning. b) socialization c) a neutral stimulus. d) modeling.

a) operant conditioning.

Commonly reported compulsions include all of the following EXCEPT a) pursuing cleanliness and orderliness by requesting help from others. b) performing repetitive, magical protective acts. c) repetitive checking to ensure that certain acts are carried out. d) engaging in elaborate rituals.

a) pursuing cleanliness and orderliness by requesting help from others.

All three OCD-related disorders respond well to a) serotonin reuptake inhibitors. b) dopamine inhibitors. c) GABA enhancers. d) norepinephrine enhancers.

a) serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

The __________ of the trauma influences whether or not a person will develop PTSD. a) severity b) frequency c) source d) difficulty

a) severity

If hoarding symptoms develop as part of schizophrenia, hoarding disorder ________ a) should not be diagnosed. b) probably will be considered instead. c) must be listed as a co-morbid diagnosis. d) should not be diagnosed unless the individual is particularly unaware of the problem.

a) should not be diagnosed.

Attempting to stop an obsession is called a) thought suppression. b) compulsive suppression. c) ceasing behavior. d) reinforcement attempts.

a) thought suppression.

Conditions that are triggered by exposure to severely stressful events are referred to as a) trauma-related disorders. b) generalized anxiety disorder. c) obsessive-compulsive disorder. d) somatoform disorder.

a) trauma-related disorders.

A common symptom associated with OCD is a) trying unsuccessfully to suppress, ignore, or neutralize the obsession. b) self-soothing. c) insecurity and separation anxiety. d) volatile mood swings.

a) trying unsuccessfully to suppress, ignore, or neutralize the obsession.

. People diagnosed with PTSD consistently demonstrated deficits on neuropsychological tests of verbal memory even while performing adequately on tests of a) visual memory. b) auditory memory. c) sensory memory. d) cortisol memory.

a) visual memory.

A strictly behavioral therapist treating Steve for contamination fear due to OCD would use which of the following interventions? a) Have Steve meditate daily. b) Have Steve challenge the idea that it is necessary to be clean. c) Have Steve purposely get dirty. d) Have Steve say 'stop' to himself quietly when he feels he must wash.

c) Have Steve purposely get dirty.

Which of the following is a compulsion? a) A persistent fear of getting dirty. b) Having persistent doubts about whether the stove was turned off that morning. c) Persistent checking for one's keys. d) Persistent thoughts about harming one's spouse.

c) Persistent checking for one's keys.

Body dysmorphic disorder is most likely to begin in a) early childhood. b) middle childhood. c) adolescence. d) adulthood.

c) adolescence.

The most widely used psychological treatment for OCD-related disorders is a) interpersonal psychotherapy. b) psychoanalysis. c) exposure and response prevention. d) operant conditioning.

c) exposure and response prevention.

Which of the following is an obsession? a) repeatedly checking that the water is turned off. b) humming a tune over and over. c) having a recurring fear that one is giving others illnesses when they actually are not. d) having excessive worry over finances.

c) having a recurring fear that one is giving others illnesses when they actually are not.

Treatment of acute stress disorder is a) unnecessary, as most people recover anyway with time. b) dangerous, as reliving the event increases the trauma. c) important, as it reduces the risk of developing PTSD. d) difficult, as it is hard to recreate the original trauma.

c) important, as it reduces the risk of developing PTSD.

Intrusive, irrational, and unwanted thoughts are called a) irrational beliefs. b) generalized anxiety. c) obsessions. d) compulsions.

c) obsessions.

A disorder that involves repetitive thoughts and behaviors that are so extreme as to interfere with everyday life is called: a) generalized anxiety disorder. b) post traumatic stress disorder. c) obsessive-compulsive disorder. d) social phobic disorder.

c) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

According to the cognitive behavioral model, hoarding is related to all of the following EXCEPT: a) poor organizational abilities. b) unusual beliefs about possessions. c) poor planning skills. d) avoidance behaviors.

c) poor planning skills.

The most common type of trauma for women that evokes PTSD is a) homelessness. b) widowhood. c) rape. d) natural disasters.

c) rape.

What percentage of people who develop PTSD have a history of an anxiety disorder a) 15%. b) 40%. c) 50% d) 66%.

d) 66%.

Oscar feels the urge to turn a light switch on and off 12 times before leaving a room. This would be referred to as a) an irrational belief. b) generalized anxiety. c) an obsession. d) a compulsion.

d) a compulsion.

How is body dysmorphic disorder similar to OCD? a) both engage in compulsive behaviors b) both have obsessive preoccupations c) both spend inordinate amounts of time of their obsessions d) all of the above

d) all of the above

According to the DSM-5, all of the following are symptoms of ASD EXCEPT: a) recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories since the trauma. b) recurrent distressing dreams about the trauma. c) dissociative reactions (flashbacks) since the trauma. d) all of the above are symptoms of ASD.

d) all of the above are symptoms of ASD.

Diane has repetitive thoughts that her house will catch on fire. She repeatedly checks the stove to make sure it is turned off. Diane's compulsive behavior serves to a) provide immediate relief from the anxiety associated with her repetitive thoughts. b) reinforce her checking behaviors. c) lower her psychophysiological arousal. d) all of the above.

d) all of the above.

OCD tends to begin a) between middle childhood and adolescence. b) between adolescence and middle adulthood. c) between infancy and middle childhood. d) between middle childhood and early adulthood.

d) between middle childhood and early adulthood.