ABPM Occupational Medicine Board Exam Toxicology2

Nickel compounds have been linked to all of the following except: -Lung cancer -nasal and sinus cancer -ARDS -contact dermatitis -peripheral neuropathy

- It has been linked to all except peripheral neuropathy

Name 2 fungi associated with cancer.

1)Fusarium (esophageal CA) 2)Aspergillus--> aflatoxins (liver CA)

What percentage of occupational skin disease is due to contact dermatitis?

90%

What are 2 main forms of Hg that generally cause disease?

Elemental mercury in medical equipment and organic mercury(methylmercury) in seafood.

What levels of carboxyhemoglobi (COHb) are expected in CO poisoning?

Greater than or equal to 20%. Normal is 0.5% or less in non-smokers Smokers may have COHb up to 10%

Chronic arsenic ingestion can lead to what?

Increased risk of skin, bladder, liver and lung cancer

What is the most toxic water toxicant?

Inorganic arsenic Other common water toxicants include radon and nitrates/nitrites (from fertilizers)

What are the main symptoms of long-term lead exposure?

Neurological- generalized slowing as well as peripheral neuropathy

What was the contaminant in the 1976 Seveso, Italy disaster?

TCDD (a dioxin) explosion at a perfume/chemical factory

What is SARA? What did it create?

The Superfund Ammendments Reauthorization Act. It created the Emergency Funding and Community right-to-know (for communities around superfund sites). It also re-authorized CERCLA.

Is inorganic of organic arsenic more toxic in water?

inorganic

Which chemical in painting is associated with occupational asthma?

isocyanate(s) Other occupational causes include animal dander, grain dust, crab and salmon, acid anhydrides, platinum salts, latex and wood dust

Toxicity from which metal may manifest with visual and auditory hallucinations?

manganese

Nitrates from fertilizers can contaminate ground water. What can drinking this contaminated water cause?

methemoglobinemia (especially in infants- lead to "blue baby")

Which manifestation caused by asbestos exposure typically has the longest latency? Which has the shortest?

shortest- benign pleural plaques (10-15 yrs) intermediate- lung CA and asbestosis (about 20 years) longest- mesothelioma (30-35 years)

Toxicity from which metal may manifest with a green tongue?

vanadium