ACCT Info Systems Exam 3 Ch12

Which type of blockchain would a corporation and their key supplier set up to facilitate transactions? Consortium. Private. Public. Supply Chain Block.

Consortium.

Artificial Intelligence can include all of the following except: Database programming. Language translation. Visual perception. Logical thinking.

Database programming.

Which of the following best represents the virtuous cycle of machine learning? Predict outcome→Input data→Learn mistakes. Input customer purchase data→Learn pattern→Predict future purchases. Predict pattern→Input purchase data→Learn pattern. Input customer purchase data→Predict future purchases→Learn pattern.

Input customer purchase data→Learn pattern→Predict future purchases.

Blockchain was built to minimize the use of: Accountants. Intermediaries. Regulators. US Dollars.

Intermediaries.

Which of the following is the best description of neural networks? Mathematical models that convert inputs to outputs/predictions. Intelligence exhibited by machines rather than humans. A blockchain network where participants need permission to join the network. A ledger where individual entries are separate in time and location.

Mathematical models that convert inputs to outputs/predictions.

To be considered blockchain a technology must have all of the following except: Immutability. Consensus. Decentralization. Rewardability.

Rewardability.

When an accounting team automates account reconciliations this is an example of: Robotic process automation. Spreadsheet automation. Natural language automation. Internet automation.

Robotic process automation.

All of the following are challenges for auditors when auditing records residing in a blockchain network except: Complicated protocols may be difficult to understand. Smart contracts cannot be used as evidence. Programming skills may be needed. Converting traditional audit approaches to blockchain technology.

Smart contracts cannot be used as evidence.

When a bank has an input file of FICO scores and uses machine learning to help predict credit losses for each customer, they are likely using which type of learning? Supervised Learning. Unsupervised Learning. Reinforcement Learning. Matrix Learning.

Supervised Learning.

How do data analysts use confusion matrices? To understand a model's prediction results. To predict a non-binary outcome. To predict a binary outcome. To audit artificial intelligence.

To understand a model's prediction results.

If a machine is attempting to reduce the dimensions in a dataset it is using: Supervised Learning. Unsupervised Learning. Reinforcement Learning. Matrix Learning.

Unsupervised Learning.

1. What is a requirement of the proof of authority algorithm? a. A few members have known identities b. A portion of the miner's blocks will be locked until it is validated c. Large quantities of computer power are required to solve a complex mathematical problem d. None of these are a requirement of the proof of authority algorithm

a. A few members have known identities

1. Which feature cannot be found in Bitcoin? a. Double spend b. Anyone can join and leave the Bitcoin network at any time c. Immutable history of transactions d. A new block is added every 10 minutes

a. Double spend

1. Which of the following best describes a confusion matrix? a. It is a table summarizing the prediction results b. It has as many rows and columns as classifications to predict c. It can be used to calculate other performance metrics d. All of these e. None of these

a. It is a table summarizing the prediction results

1. Which of the following best describes the difference between artificial intelligence and machine learning? a. Machine learning is a subset of AI b. Machine learning only applies to deep learning algorithms c. AI and machine learning are the same thing d. Machine learning requires less data than AI e. None of these

a. Machine learning is a subset of AI

1. Which of the following is not part of the virtuous cycle of machine learning? a. Model b. Learn c. Predict d. Data e. None of the above

a. Model

1. Which of the following best describes semi-supervised learning? a. The training data contain missing labels or incomplete data b. The training data match inputs to nodes in the network c. The training data contain input-output pairs d. The training data only include input values e. None of these

a. The training data contain missing labels or incomplete data

1. Which of the following is not directly related to one of the five questions that machine learning (AI) is best suited to answer? a. Which business strategy will be most successful? b. Is this firm a good merger candidate? c. What type of customer will like this new product? d. How much can we set this product for? e. None of these

a. Which business strategy will be most successful?

a. Private blockchain requires permission to join the network b. Bitcoin uses smart contract to specify the business rules c. In Ethereum, a new block is added every 12 to 15 seconds d. Blockchain transactions are immutable

b. Bitcoin uses smart contract to specify the business rules

1. Which of the following best describes deep learning? a. Deep learning is used to solve philosophical problems b. Deep learning involves complex, multilayer neural networks c. Deep learning is different from machine learning in fundamental ways d. Deep learning provides more output values than machine learning e. None of these

b. Deep learning involves complex, multilayer neural networks

1. In the Ethereum network: a. Transaction fees are higher than Bitcoin b. Mining of Ether occurs at a constant rate c. Because a smart contract describes business rules and is also flexible for different industries, it can be modified to fit the business after a block is inserted to the Ethereum network d. Miner uses SHA256 to determine if a block is a valid block

b. Mining of Ether occurs at a constant rate

1. Which of the following is not true with respect to artificial intelligence? a. AI is a broad field in computer science b. AI is intelligence exhibited by machines rather than humans c. AI began in the 1990s d. AI is also called cognitive technologies e. None of these

c. AI began in the 1990s

1. Which of the following statements is false? a. A distribution ledger contains many copies of the same ledger b. A distribution ledger stores the same set of transaction records c. Because a distributed ledger exists in a blockchain network, a computer consisting of all transaction records may crack and cause a syncing issue in the blockchain network d. A transaction record cannot be added to the blockchain unless there is network consensus

c. Because a distributed ledger exists in a blockchain network, a computer consisting of all transaction records may crack and cause a syncing issue in the blockchain network

1. Which of the following best describes machine learning? a. Machine learning is driven by programming instructions b. Machine learning is a different branch of computer science from AI c. Machine learning is a technique where a software model is trained using data d. machine learning is the ability of a machine to think on its own e. None of these

c. Machine learning is a technique where a software model is trained using data

1. Ben goes to his bank to wire transfer $1000 to his sister Jennifer. The role of the bank in this transaction is best described as: a. Miner b. Blockchain c. Middleman d. Consensus

c. Middleman

1. Which of the following best describes artificial neural networks? a. Training a neural network involves the use of real-world data b. Deep learning is required for a neural network c. Neural networks consist of inputs, neurons or nodes, and outputs d. Neural networks only have two layers e. None of these

c. Neural networks consist of inputs, neurons or nodes, and outputs

1. Which of the following best describes supervised learning? a. The training data contain missing labels of incomplete data b. The training data match inputs to nodes in the network c. The training data contain input-output pairs d. The training data only include input values e. None of these

c. The training data contain input-output pairs

1. When we refer to smart contract in blockchain, we mean: a. A contract that can be edited at any time for business rules b. A digital copy of paper contract such as a Word file c. A digital contract that can be distributed to the participants with all terms defined d. A piece of software code that can be executed or triggered by business activities

d. A piece of software code that can be executed or triggered by business activities

1. Which of the following is created mainly for cryptocurrency application? a. Ethereum b. Hyperledger c. Cords d. Bitcoin

d. Bitcoin

1. A selected set of organizations may run a blockchain node separately for keeping the transaction records. Administrators from the organizations establish the access rights and permissions for each participate. This type of blockchain is often called: a. Public blockchain b. Permissionless blockchain c. Private blockchain d. Consortium blockchain

d. Consortium blockchain

1. Which of the following statements is false? a. Hyperledger is an open source blockchain platform created by the Linux foundation b. Hyperledger is a permissioned blockchain with capabilities of handling smart contracts c. The main objective of Hyperledger is to achieve cross-industry collaboration with blockchain technology d. Hyperledger is a public blockchain

d. Hyperledger is a public blockchain

1. Which of the following statements is true? a. Because blockchain transactions are stores in chronological order, you may trace a block from an earlier transaction block to the most recent block in the blockchain b. Both permissioned and public blockchains need miners to determine which transaction block should be added next c. Ethereum is a private blockchain d. Smart contract was introduced in Ethereum

d. Smart contract was introduced in Ethereum

1. Which of the following describes reinforcement learning? a. The model determines how elements of the dataset are alike b. The training data match inputs to folders in the network c. The training data contain input-output pairs d. The model learns through trial and error e. None of these

d. The model learns through trial and error

1. Which of the following best describes unsupervised learning? a. The training data contain missing labels or incomplete data b. The training data match inputs to nodes in the network c. The training data contain input-output pairs d. The training data only include input values e. None of these

d. The training data only include input values

1. What information does a block in the Bitcoin network not contain? a. The sender b. The receiver c. The quantity of Bitcoins to transfer d. A and B e. None, a block contains all of this information

e. None, a block contains all of this information

Alexa from Amazon and Siri from Apple are examples of robotic process automation. false true

false

Consortium blockchain has no access restrictions in relation to viewing or participating in the blockchain network. true false

false

The key difference between artificial intelligence applications and machine learning is that machine learning involves the computer learning from specific instructions versus experience. true false

false

A benefit of blockchain is the lowered cost of processing transactions. false true

true

Artificial neural networks are the engines of machine learning. false true

true

Smart contracts may be an opportunity for auditors as they contain business rules. true false

true