Acid-Base Equilibria
The stronger the acid the ____ the Ka value
Higher
A salt consisting of a small, highly charged metal cation and the anion of a strong acid yields a(n) _____ solution.
Acidic
Strong acids have ____ pKa, ____ H30+, ____ Ka, and _____ pH compared to weak acids
Low, high, high, low
What types of substances are classified as acids only under the Lewis definition
Molecules that contain a polar multiple bond (SO2/CO2) and molecules with electron deficient central atoms (molecules containing B, Al, or Be)
For oxoacids with DIFFERNT number of O atoms, acid strength increases the number of ___ ____
O atoms
Describe a weak acid
Some molecules dissociate but most stay undissociated in water
For nonmetal hydrides, acid strength depends on....
The electronegativity of the nonmetal ion and the strength of the bond between the nonmetal and acidic H+
True or false: A metal cation may behave as a Lewis acid in water to form a hydrated cation adduct.
True
Describe the autoionization of water
Water dissociates slightly into ions in an eq process
A salt consisting of the anion of a weak _____ and the cation of a strong _____ yields a basic solution.
acid; base
The higher the hydronium concentration, the more....
acidic the solution
The product of a Lewis acid-base reaction is called a(n) _____, which is a single species containing a new _____.
adduct; covalent bond
Anions of weak acids often function as weak _____.
bases
For oxoacids with the SAME number of O atoms, acid strength increases as ___________ of E increases
electronegativity
The more acidic the solution the ____ the pH
lower
A salt consisting of the anion of a _____ acid and the cation of a _____ base yields an acidic solution.
strong; weak
Strong bases include
water-soluble compound containing O2- or OH- ions, cations of the most active metals,
The net direction of an acid-base reaction depends on the relative strength of the acids and bases involved. A reaction will favor the formation of the ______ acid and base.
weaker
Weak bases include
Ammonia and amines
Describe a strong acid
Dissociates completely into ions in water
Describe a Lewis Acid
Electron pair acceptor
Describe a Lewis Base
Electron pair donor
Describe an Arrhenius acid
Forms H3O+ ions in aqueous solution
Describe an Arrhenius base
Forms OH- ions in aqueous solution
Describe a Bronsted-Lowry base
H+ acceptor
Describe a Bronsted-Lowry acid
H+ donor
Weak acids include...
HF, acids where H is not bonded to O or a halogen (HCN), oxoacids where the number of O atoms equals or oxceeds the number of ionizable protons by one (HClO), and carboxylic acids (CH3COOH)
Weak acids have ____ pKa, ____ H30+, ____ Ka, and _____ pH compared to strong acids
High, low, low, high
Strong acids include...
Hydrohalic acids (HCL, HBr) and oxoacids where the number of O atoms exceeds the number of ionizable protons by two or more (HNO3)
A salt consisting of the _____ of a strong acid and the _____ of a strong base yields a neutral solution.
anion; cation
The stronger the acid is, the _____ its conjugate base.
weaker
